LQB185 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Opportunistic Infection, Fever, Biofilm
25 May 2018
School
Department
Course
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Online Lecture- Microbiology
➢ Study of small living organisms
➢ Too small to see with the eye
➢ Microorganisms are classified on living and nonliving and structure
- Single celled and multicellular
- Folding properly is critical
➢ Host-microbe interactions
- Commensalism- no harm or benefit
- Mutualism- benefit for both host and us
- Parasitism- only parasite benefit
➢ Endogenous microbiota
- Normal (right), opportunistic pathogen (wrong)
➢ Exogenous microbiota
- Opportunistic pathogens (wrong), classical pathogen (wrong)
- BASICALLY, saying that some microbiota is okay in their right place but if they go
somewhere else they become wrong and harmful
➢ Process
- Exposure, adherence, invasion, infection
➢ All microorganisms can be harmful
- Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes
- Non-living (viruses and prions
➢ Susceptible Hosts- age, stress, treatment, nutrition, genetics
➢ Portals of entry and exit- endogenous, exogenous
➢ Transmission- direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, mechanical,
biological
➢ Reservoir- microbe persists- human, animal, non-living (water, soil, biofilm)
➢ Single-celled pathogens- prokaryotes (bacteria)
- Infections we can treat, target something that is different from us
➢ Bacterial cell walls
- Gram-positive, Gran-negative (outer membrane) (LPS)
- Clinical stuff must be pyrogenic
➢ Structure of Bacteria
- Capsule, Pili, fimbriae, flagella
➢ Diagnosis of infection
- Patient presentation (symptoms), specimen collection (body site), pathogen isolation
(primary isolation media), pathogen identification (biochemistry staining), treatment
(antimicrobials)
➢ Fungi (plant life)
- Close relative to humans
- Membrane-bound nucleus, organelles, heterotrophic-enzymatic diversity
➢ Diagnosis of fungal infection
- Microscopy (stain or spores) macroscopy (pigment) fluorescent antibody
➢ Protozoans (animal-like)
- Single-celled
- Outer membrane but not cell wall
- Free-living or parasites
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Document Summary
Too small to see with the eye. Microorganisms are classified on living and nonliving and structure. Mutualism- benefit for both host and us. Basically, saying that some microbiota is okay in their right place but if they go somewhere else they become wrong and harmful. Susceptible hosts- age, stress, treatment, nutrition, genetics. Portals of entry and exit- endogenous, exogenous. Transmission- direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, mechanical, biological. Reservoir- microbe persists- human, animal, non-living (water, soil, biofilm) Infections we can treat, target something that is different from us. Patient presentation (symptoms), specimen collection (body site), pathogen isolation (primary isolation media), pathogen identification (biochemistry staining), treatment (antimicrobials) Microscopy (stain or spores) macroscopy (pigment) fluorescent antibody. Definitive host- harbours the sexually mature adults. Intermediate host- harbours the cyst and larval stages. Flatworms = tape worms (cestodes) and flukes (trematodes) Composed of nucleic acid, protein coat and lipids. Misfolded proteins accumulate in cells disrupting normal functions.
