LSB384 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Hydrophile, Atenolol, Thiazide
Drug Name
Mechanism of Action
Action in Body
Clinical Use
Adverse Effects
Anti-hypertensive medications
Hydrochlorothiazide
Inhibits Na+Cl- transporter
in distal tubule
Increase of Na+Cl- in urine.
Increased water loss,
decreased blood volume,
decreased blood pressure
Thiazide diuretic
Common initial treatment
for hypertension
Duration 10h, excreted in
urine
Hypokalemia (increased
K+ loss)
Hyperuricemia (gout)
Amiloride
Inhibits Na+/K+ pump
Inhibits K+ secretion
Small diuretic effect
K+ sparing diuretic
(Used w/ thiazide in
combination)
Hyperakalemia
Enalapril or any other -
pril
Angiontensin Converting
Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE
inhibitors)
Metabolised to
enalaprilat in body
Decreases angiotensin II
Decreases aldosterone
Increases bradykinin
VASODILATOR
ACE inhibitor for
hypertension
(Alone or in combo with
thiazide)
Dry cough
Angioedema
Most likely due to
bradykinin accumulation
Candesartan (or any other
-sartan
AT1-Receptor antagonist
(angiotensin I)
Decreases hypertrophy
Decreases aldosterone
secretion
VASODILATOR
Treats hypertension
(alone or in combo with
thiazide)
No bradykinin
accumulation
Candesartan +
Hydrochlorthiazide
Thiazide stimulates RAAS
→ sensitises body to ACE
inhibitors & AT1 receptors
for a bigger effect
Do not use in pregnancy –
will lead to malformation
or fetal death
Amlodipine
Ca2+ channel blocker
(selective for Cav1.2b)
Stops NA and 5-HT
Used in essential
hypertension (used once
a day)
Excessive vasodilation
(headache, flushing)
Prazosin
A1-adrenoceptor
antagonist (in SNS, for
NA)
Decreases
vasoconstriction
Decreases blood pressure
Can be used in combo
with other anti-
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