CRIM1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Track Geometry, Normative Social Influence
Lecture 12 Integrated Theories
What is integration and how do we do it?
Combining theories together
Strain (goal failure) + Control (Strength of bonds) + Social learning (Learning & reinforcement) —
> Delinquent Drug use
4 ways to integrate theories:
1) End-to-end = one set of factors influences the next. Sequential
2) Side-by-side = pathway broken into categories, and use theories to explain one one.
example: Moffit’s Dual Taxonomy
category 1: AL group
category 2: LCP group
3) Up-and-down: Two kinds “Theoretical reduction” and “Theoretical synthesis”
4) Cross-level
Integration positive side: less theories, easier to translate into crime control policies, theories are too
restrictive.
Integration negative side: can’t just rely on factors, incompatible assumptions
Braithwaite’s Reintegrative Shaming (Side by Side integration***)
Importance of shame. Crimes with victimisation can increase/decrease crime. Side by side
integration.
Shaming is the social process to invoke remorse from shamed from others.
Stigmatisation vs Reintegrative Shaming
Stigmatisation: bad
Reintegrative Shaming: good
Components of Reintegrative Shaming
1. Respect !
2. Disapprove the act, not the person !
3. Delivered in context of general social approval
4. Statement of genuine remorse by the offender !
5. Disapproval is expressed but followed by gestures of moving on !
!
Tittle’s Control Balance: (Up and Down Theory integration***)
Control subjected to relative to control exercised !
Likelihood of deviance and type of deviance !
Central to conforming and deviance !
Escape and extend !
Extremely complex !
Coercion and Social Support
Social support includes Social support, insulating factor against disengagement and crime
Supports that help meet needs, expressive or instrumental (can interact), formal or informal
Coercion includes intimidation or compelling to action through fear and anxiety
Interpersonal or structural, it can be actual or threatened
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Strain (goal failure) + control (strength of bonds) + social learning (learning & reinforcement) . 4 ways to integrate theories: end-to-end = one set of factors in uences the next. Sequential: side-by-side = pathway broken into categories, and use theories to explain one one. example: mof t"s dual taxonomy category 1: al group category 2: lcp group, up-and-down: two kinds theoretical reduction and theoretical synthesis , cross-level. Integration positive side: less theories, easier to translate into crime control policies, theories are too restrictive. Integration negative side: can"t just rely on factors, incompatible assumptions. Shaming is the social process to invoke remorse from shamed from others. Components of reintegrative shaming: respect, disapprove the act, not the person, delivered in context of general social approval, statement of genuine remorse by the offender, disapproval is expressed but followed by gestures of moving on. Tittle"s control balance: (up and down theory integration***) Social support includes social support, insulating factor against disengagement and crime.
