HPE110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Gross Anatomy, Pivot Joint, Central Tendon Of Diaphragm
HB101 LECTURE 5- 29/08/17
Today’s Lecture
Torso functional anatomy
-Bone morphology
-Joint DOF and ROM
-Muscular morphology
-Injury
-Functional movements
The Trunk and Head
Axial skeleton; Pelvis?, spine, skull
Houses internal organs
~58% Body mass
Coe staility; otol of the tuk segets affets postue ad li oveet
Spinal Column
7 Cervical Vertebrae
12 Thoracic Vertebrae
5 Lumbar Vertebrae
Sarcrum
Coccyx
Opposing curvatures
Thoracic curve
= Kyphosis
Lumbar curve
= Lordosis
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Vertebral Bones
Articulations at;
vertebral body (discs)
vertebral arches (facet joints)
Foramen holds/protects
spinal cord
Transverse and spinous
processes for muscle
attachments
Sacrum
Inverted triangle
Very stiff ligaments join to illiac bones
5 fused vertebrae
Foramina allow passage of nerves
Articulates to lumbar spine
L5/S1 transmits entire upper body weight to legs
Coccyx/ Tailbone
Intervertebral Disc
Degenerate with age and shrink daily
Nucleus pulposus
Gel-like
80-90% water
Suited for compressive forces
Elastic and shock absorbing component
Annulus fibrosus
Rings of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage
Tensile strength
Prevention of disc bulging
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Disc Degeneration
Gradual process in early elderly years
Splits and tears develop in disc tissue from load bearing
Can eventually result in osseous connection
Vertebral Body Articulations
Cartilaginous joints
Vertebral discs provide
3 DOF ROM; Compression Ant/Post & Lateral
Torsion; Rotation
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament stabilise joint
Vertebral Arch Articulations
Facet joints
Superior and inferior articular processes
-Orientation angles change between vertebrae
-Dictates ROM of particular segments
-Limits ROM of discs
Capsular synovial joint unlike vertebral body
Ligaments further restrict ROM
Atlas and Axis (C1 & C2)
Atlas
No vertebral body or spinous process
Atlanto- occipital joint; hinge – flex/ext
Axis
Pivot joint with atlas provides rotation
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Document Summary
(cid:858)co(cid:396)e sta(cid:271)ility(cid:859); (cid:272)o(cid:374)t(cid:396)ol of the t(cid:396)u(cid:374)k seg(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts affe(cid:272)ts postu(cid:396)e a(cid:374)d li(cid:373)(cid:271) (cid:373)ove(cid:373)e(cid:374)t. Articulations at; vertebral body (discs) vertebral arches (facet joints) Transverse and spinous processes for muscle attachments. Very stiff ligaments join to illiac bones. L5/s1 transmits entire upper body weight to legs. Splits and tears develop in disc tissue from load bearing. 3 dof rom; compression ant/post & lateral. Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament stabilise joint. Width, disc and spinous process size indicate load bearing capacity. Facet joint orientation becomes more vertical (transverse plane) from cervical to lumbar; dictates rom. Thoracic limited due to ribs and large spinous process. Each vertebrae has limited rom yet combined the trunk has a quite large rom. Flexion/extension: sagittal plane, occurs within all spinal segments, greatest general rom as with low limb, primarily lumbar and cervical, should not be confused with hip flex/ext. Lateral flexion: frontal plane, primarily cervical and lumbar, rib articulations restrict thoracic. Rotation: transverse plane, occurs independently in cervical vertebrae.
