HUBS1108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Axial Skeleton, Collagen, Appendicular Skeleton
30 May 2018
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HUBS1108 - Introduction to Bones and the Skeleton
Learning Objectives:
• List the functions of bone and bone tissue.
• Distinguish between and give examples of long, short, flat, sesamoid, accessory and irregular
bones.
• On a diagram, label the anatomical components of a long bone.
• Describe the principal types of bone markings and the functions of each.
• Describe appositional and longitudinal growth.
Types of Bones:
• Long
o Longer than they are wide
o Bear a lot of weight
E.g. those found in legs and arms
• Flat
o Protect vital organs
E.g. skull protects brain
o Provides surfaces for large muscle attachment
E.g. shoulder blade
• Short
o Width and length are very similar
o Stability and support with very little movement
E.g. knuckles or bones in your wrist
• Irregular
o Don’t fit into other categories
E.g. a single vertebrae bone
• Sesamoid
o Shaped like a sesame seed
o Embedded in tendon
E.g. patella
• Accessory
o Additional bones in some people
o Are not necessary
Bone Structure:
• Compact bone
…
Anatomy of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis (the shaft in the middle)
• Epiphysis (either end)
o Proximal and Distal
• Metaphysis (transition zone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis)
• Epiphyseal plate
• Epiphyseal line
• Articular cartilage (associated with bone movement so there is no bone on bone movement)
• Periosteum (a membrane that covers the bone)
• Marrow (medullary) cavity (inside the bone - filled with bone marrow or fat)
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Hubs1108 - introduction to bones and the skeleton. Long: longer than they are wide, bear a lot of weight. E. g. skull protects brain: provides surfaces for large muscle attachment. Short: width and length are very similar, stability and support with very little movement. Sesamoid: shaped like a sesame seed, embedded in tendon. E. g. patella: accessory, additional bones in some people, are not necessary. Bone remodelling: bone is deposited and reabsorbed continually, can change in response to mechanical stress, vigorous exercise (professional tennis player - bone in the serving arm is thicker and denser because its constantly under pressure) List the types of tissue that make up the skeleton. List the components of the axial and appendicular skeleton: describe the functions of the axial and appendicular skeletons. Skeleton: made up of, bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons, born with 300 bud adults have 206 (fuse together)
