MGMT 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Proxemics, Cortisol, Positive Feedback
• Types of nonverbal communication
• The role of nonverbal communication
• Aspects of nonverbal communication
• The role of questions and feedback
• Listening (covered in week 4)
Nonverbal behaviour shows our feelings whether consciously or unconsciously. Nonverbal
communication is either personal to the individual, common to the group or culture, or universal.
Types of nonverbal communication:
• Universal: refers to the body movements common to humankind.
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• sadness, happiness, pain, surprise, anger
• Cultural: It is generally acknowledged that different cultures interpret body language, gestures,
posture, eye contact etc. in slightly different ways.
• Cultural nonverbal communication is learned unconsciously by observing others, receiving
direct instructions, or by modelling and imitating the behaviour of others in the group.
• modelling, imitating behaviours
• Cultures are classified according to where they fall on a continuum between high and low
context cultures.
• In a high context culture a large part of the message is influenced by the background and basic
values of the communicator and is implied in the messages context. Time sense is polychromic.
• In a low context culture the words in the message are explicit and non-verbal cues have less
impact on the intended meaning. Time sense is monochromic.
o Linear active cultures
o Multi-active cultures
o Reactive cultures - listening cultures
• Personal: is the use of nonverbal actions in a way that is personal or unique to that person.
Nonverbal characteristics
• Always has communicative value
• Powerful
• Ambiguous
The role of nonverbal communication:
65% of total communication. 4 different nonverbal communication roles:
• Communicating interpersonal attitudes and emotions
• Self presentation: conveys information about our self concept, image and feelings.
• Rituals: the patterns and behaviours used in rituals and ceremonies, confirm social relationships
and send messages about status or changes in status.
• Supporting verbal communication:
Congruence:
• The extent to which verbal and nonverbal messages reinforce or contradict each other.
• When they are not congruent with each other, you need to work out what is really true.
• Generally the nonverbal communication should be given more credence.
Aspects of nonverbal communication:
More powerful than verbal communication in conveying emotions, attitudes, and reactions.
Cluster of nonverbal cues
Classifications such as:
• Physical characteristics: first impressions, past experiences, body shape, general attractiveness,
hair and skin colour.
• Facial expressions: facial expression, eye contact.
• Kinesics: known as body movement, posture, gestures, orientation, synchronisation
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Document Summary
Types of nonverbal communication, the role of nonverbal communication, aspects of nonverbal communication, the role of questions and feedback, listening (covered in week 4) Nonverbal behaviour shows our feelings whether consciously or unconsciously. Nonverbal communication is either personal to the individual, common to the group or culture, or universal. In a high context culture a large part of the message is influenced by the background and basic values of the communicator and is implied in the messages context. In a low context culture the words in the message are explicit and non-verbal cues have less impact on the intended meaning. Time sense is monochromic: linear active cultures, multi-active cultures, reactive cultures - listening cultures, personal: is the use of nonverbal actions in a way that is personal or unique to that person. Nonverbal characteristics: always has communicative value, powerful, ambiguous. More powerful than verbal communication in conveying emotions, attitudes, and reactions.
