KINE 2P09 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Body Fluid, Aldosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone
9 May 2018
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KINE 2P09
ACTH or Corticotrophin
- Target organ adrenal cortex
- Increases secretion of cortisol
LH and FSH
- Luteinizing and follicle stimulating
- Gonadotrophins
PRL or prolactin
- Increases during pregnancy and increases milk production
- Fertility
TSH or Thyrotropin
- Target thyroid gland, increases release of T3 and T4
- Regulate metabolic rate
Control of Pituitary Secretion
- Hypothalamic and cerebral control
o Input to CNS
o Hypothalamus increase or decrease ant. Pit. Hormones
- Negative feedback
o Many target organs – receptors
Pineal Gland
- Decrease in size with age
- Circadian rhythms
- Melatonin increases at night
Thymus
- Immune system
- Secretes thymopoietin (t cell activator)
Thyroid Gland and its Hormones
- Largest exclusive endocrine glands
- Secretes 90% T4 10% T3
- Requires daily iodine
- Lipophilic
- Binds to thyroxin-binding globulin in blood
- Unbound t3 and t4 enter cell and enzyme converts it to t4 to t3
o Calcitonin
▪ Secreted by cells of thyroid gland
▪ Antagonize the effect of parathyroid hormone
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Document Summary
Target thyroid gland, increases release of t3 and t4. Input to cns: hypothalamus increase or decrease ant. Negative feedback: many target organs receptors. Unbound t3 and t4 enter cell and enzyme converts it to t4 to t3. Lipophilic: calcitonin, secreted by cells of thyroid gland, antagonize the effect of parathyroid hormone, calcium homeostasis, mechanism. Increase trh and tsh -> hypertrophy of thyroid: graves" disease, mimic action of tsh on thyroid, t3 and t4 secretion, drop in tsh through pit. Increase parathyroid hormone in response to drop in plasma calcium levels. Promotes resorption from bones and release calcium. Low plasma calcium increases excitability of nerve and muscle cells. High plasma calcium causes cardiac arrhythmias and decreased neuromuscular excitability. Zona glomerulosa (outer: aldosterone, mineral corticoid ion balance regulated by k+ and angiotensin ii. Zone fasciculate and reticularis: glucocorticoids, regulated by acth, androgens, dhea, estrogens, derived from cholesterol.
