LING 2P90 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Shoulder Girdle, Rib Cage, Thoracic Vertebrae
28 Feb 2016
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Document Summary
Tidal volume= the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a breath cycle. Vital capacity= maximum volume of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inhalation. Axial skeleton: vertebral column (**diagram** side view of vertebral column- 32-33 vertebrae)- cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 fused), coccyx (4 fused, ribs. Thoracic vertebrae: increase in size from t1 to t12, two articular facets (articulation means attached/together- associated with joints) Costo-central articulation (costo=rib) (closest to centre/body of vertebrae) Diagram- transverse section of thoracic vertebrae and rib. Spinous process coming out (posterior side of vertebra: ribs move against the vertebrae- need articulation points (joint) to move up and down/laterally and medially. Head (articulates with vertebral column), costal cartilage, shaft, angle of the rib. Manubrium (top- looks like a shield)- first rib articulates here. Xiphoid (ensiform) process- inferior end of sternum- mostly cartilage- turns to bone around age 40, loses flexibility.
