KINE 2P84 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Childhood Obesity, Hypertrophy, Longitudinal Study
8 May 2018
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Department
Course
Professor
KINE 2P84 Growth and Development
Status, Progress, Comparison and Prediction, Physical Activity and Performance
Research Challenges:
- Ethical
- Methodological
- Variability
- Generalizability
Study Designs:
- Cross sectional – comparison of 2+ groups at one point in time
- Longitudinal – study over a period of time
Development: the progressions and regressions that occur throughout the lifespan
- Prenatal – conception to birth
- Infancy – birth to 2 years
- Childhood – 2 to 12 years
o Early 2 to 6
o Late 6 to 10/12
- Adolescence – 11/13 to 18
o Female 11 to 18
o Male 13 to 18
- Adulthood - +18
Growth: the structural aspect of development
- Increase in size
- Hyperplasia – increase in cell number
- Hypertrophy – increase in cell size
- Accretion – increase in intercellular substance
- Sao’s Groth Cures: 9, Y-axis relative % to adult size
Maturation: the functional changes in human development
- Highly related to growth
- Focuses progress in or the rate of, attaining the mature biological state
- Internal time table
- Inferred (mainly unobservable)
- Mainly a qualitative functional change
- Time intervals may vary, but sequence of appearance does not
- Maturation vs. maturity; process vs. status
o Timing: age of occurrence of event
o Tempo
▪ Velocity: rate or tempo of change over time
o Age
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Document Summary
Status, progress, comparison and prediction, physical activity and performance. Cross sectional comparison of 2+ groups at one point in time. Longitudinal study over a period of time. Development: the progressions and regressions that occur throughout the lifespan. Childhood 2 to 12 years: early 2 to 6, late 6 to 10/12. Adolescence 11/13 to 18: female 11 to 18, male 13 to 18. S(cid:272)a(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374)"s gro(cid:449)th cur(cid:448)es: (cid:1005)9(cid:1006)(cid:1007), y-axis relative % to adult size. Focuses progress in or the rate of, attaining the mature biological state. Time intervals may vary, but sequence of appearance does not. Egg: 1st two weeks cell division and differentiation. Embryo: weeks 2-8 i(cid:374)(cid:272)rease (cid:272)ell (cid:374)u(cid:373)(cid:271)er a(cid:374)d differe(cid:374)tiatio(cid:374), orga(cid:374) de(cid:448)elop (cid:271)ut are(cid:374)"t fully functional. Fetus: weeks 9-40 increase cell size and mass, functional development. Weight is a good indicator to health. Trunk, arms and legs 6-9 weeks. 1st > 2nd half space vs intensity. Alcohol affects birth weight + nervous system. Smoking affects birth weight + nervous system.
