BIOL 1902 Lecture Notes - Monotropa Uniflora, Viburnum Lantanoides, Phototropism

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20 Jul 2012

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Plants face another nutritional challenge: lack of sunlight (shade) Some shade plants have leaves with a large surface area. Round-leaved orchids have large leaves parallel to the ground. Bunchberries exhibit clonal growth leaves are attached to a common rhizome (clones: can have big leaves or many leaves for this adaption. Phototropism growing towards the light (moving) Tendrils are thigmotropic really sensitive, more than fingertips. So it can wrap around plant and climb on it. Trilliums have another solution to the shade problem. Many species of spring ephemerals grow in deciduous forests. Another solution is to lose the need for sunlight: striped coralroot (no leaves) Coralroots attain nutrients from mycorrhizae associated with other plants. Indian pipe does not need sunlight: mycorrhizal associations. Shade-dwelling orchids: photosynthesize and steal carbon from other plants through mycorrhizae, mixotrophs. Cancerroot has no leaves and no mychorrhiza.

Related Questions

1) Describe a technique for measuring photosynthetic rate.

2) Many deciduous trees have leaves which turn yellow in the fall. What do you suppose is happening in the leaves at the cellular and molecular level?

3) Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both are unusual in that they have double membranes and contain their own set of DNA. Can you think of any explanations for this observation?

4) Some plants (grasses) tend to contain a greater concentration of chlorophyll than others (pines). Can you develop a hypothesis to explain this? Would it be testable?

21. Which of the following could be considered to be both a biotic and abiotic component of an organism's environment? sunlight temperature rocks metabolic wastes

22. The ability of plants to respond to light by growing toward a light source is an example of geotropism. photoperiodism. phototropism thigmotropism

23. If a population is in equilibrium, the birth rate will be greater than the death rate. number of individuals will increase each year. birth rate will be equal to the death rate. number of individuals will decrease each year.

24. Of the 20 amino acids required by human beings, nine of these are considered to be essential amino acids because all human carbohydrates contain these nine amino acids. these nine amino acids are the only ones used in human proteins. humans cannot synthesize these nine amino acids. these nine amino acids are lacking in animal-based foods.

25. All of these organs are part of the digestive system except the pancreas. kidney. tongue. stomach.

What is the function of the phloem? Select one: a. Phloem carries nitrogenous wastes to the roots where the waste leaves the plant. b. Phloem carries water and minerals to the rest of the plant from the roots. c. Phloem carries water from the leaves to the rest of the plant. d.

Phloem transports sugar down from the leaves to the rest of the plant. How do the cells of the xylem compare to the cells of the phloem? Select one: a. The xylem cells have thin cell walls, whereas the phloem cells have thick cell walls. b. The xylem cells are large, whereas the phloem cells are small. c. The xylem cells have chloroplasts, whereas the phloem cells do not have chloroplasts. d.

The xylem cells are square, whereas the phloem cells are round. From which part of the stem tissue is wood made? Select one: a. spongy mesophyll b. the cuticle c. old layers of xylem and phloem d. central parenchyma Flat leaves lose water to the environment more readily than pine needles do.

Which statement describes a structural characteristic of flat leaves that accounts for this difference? Select one: a. Flat leaves have a thicker coating of waterproof wax. b. Flat leaves have more surface area. c. Flat leaves have a thicker epidermis. d. The stomata of flat leaves are sunken into the leaf.

BIOL 1902 Lecture Notes - Monotropa Uniflora, Viburnum Lantanoides, Phototropism

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