LING 3004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Chocolate Cake, Potbelly Stove, Preposition And Postposition
22 Sep 2017
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• descriptive grammar: grammar people know and say, what linguists look at
• presriptie graar: graar presried presriptiists, hat should or shouldt
say
Levels of adequacy
• Observationally adequate grammar: theory accounts only for data in a corpus
(given)
• Descriptively adequate grammar: makes predictions: account for both acceptable
and unacceptable sentences
• Explanatorily adequate grammar: accounts for variation: leaners, dialects, languages
Chapter 2: Parts of Speech
• Parts of speech= syntactic category (ex. noun, verb, adjective preposition)
o buildings blocks of sentences and phrases
• Determining syntanctic categories 2 ways
o semantic—meaning
o distributional—position in sentence
• “eati Criteria: traditioal def
o noun: person, place or thing
o Verb: action, state or state of being
o etc.
o PROBLEMS
▪ ous that dot fit defiitio
• EX. The destruction of the city bothered them.
• fits definition of verb but is a noun
• EX. Sincerity is an important quality.
o have adjective like qualities but is a noun
▪ Words without obvious meanings
• opleetizers: e. that
▪ Words with no meaning but know category
• ex. The yinkish dripner blorked into the nindin with the pidibs.
o ko lorked is a er, ikish is a adjetie, et.
▪ Same word can belong to different categories
• e. other
o The mother walked. (N)
o This is my mother tongue. (Adj.)
o I mother you. (V)
• Distributional Criteria
o where they appear in a sentence (syntactic distribution, word order)
o morphological distributions, what affixes appear near
▪ affixes attach to specific categories, create words of different cateogries
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Document Summary
Descriptive grammar: grammar people know and say, what linguists look at, pres(cid:272)ripti(cid:448)e gra(cid:373)(cid:373)ar: gra(cid:373)(cid:373)ar pres(cid:272)ri(cid:271)ed (cid:271)(cid:455) pres(cid:272)ripti(cid:448)ists, (cid:449)hat should or should(cid:374)(cid:859)t say. Levels of adequacy: observationally adequate grammar: theory accounts only for data in a corpus (given, descriptively adequate grammar: makes predictions: account for both acceptable and unacceptable sentences, explanatorily adequate grammar: accounts for variation: leaners, dialects, languages. The destruction of the city bothered them: ex. Sincerity is an important quality. fits definition of verb but is a noun: have adjective like qualities but is a noun, words without obvious meanings, (cid:272)o(cid:373)ple(cid:373)e(cid:374)tizers: e(cid:454). (cid:858)that(cid:859, words with no meaning but know category, ex. N: the red-headed assistant put the vital document through the new shredder. N: the large evil leathery alligator complained to his aging keeper about his. A a a n v p n a n p n extremely unattractive description. I just ate the last piece of chocolate cake: n a v det.
