BIOL 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Low-Density Lipoprotein, Cell Membrane, Nuclear Membrane

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Small, non-polar molecules such as o2 and co2 can rapidly move across the membrane. Small, uncharged molecules such as h2o can also move across the membrane, but slowly. Large, uncharged polar molecules are virtually impermeable. Active transport works against the concentration gradient. Proteins assist the movement of ions and other molecules. Atp is used as a portable chemical energy in living organisms. Primary active transport: atp is directly involved in the molecule transport. Secondary active transport: no atp is used, but atp is indirectly responsible for the transport of molecules. Question: neurons maintain low concentration of na+ in the cells. When neurons are stimulated, na+ enter into cells. Question: neurons maintain low concentration of na+ and high concentration of k+ in the cells. This concentration gradient is maintained by na+/k+ pump, which pumps out na+ from the cell and pumps in k+ into the cell.

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