BIOL 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Constipation, Small Intestine, Amylase
21 Jun 2015
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Carbohydrates = 4kcal/g = protein lipid = 9kcal/g. Fructose (not needed): becomes glucose or fat, most sweet. Sucrose (glucose+ fructose) table sugar, sweetest 100% carbohydrates but can have mineral/vitamin. Lactose (glucose+ galactose) in breast milk harder to break. Maltose (2 glucose) not in food (after starch is broken down) Nutritive sweeteners simple sugars have less calories (sugar alcohol sorbitol, mannitol) Starch: glucose in plant either amylopectin (branched) or amylose, in potatoes. Liver make glycogen to store it, also stored in muscle and more if athletic, glucose becomes fat if too much glycogen. Fiber: indigestible lignin insoluble, reduce constipation, prevent diverticula. Soluble breaks down, feeds bacteria that give energy, give satiety, better glucose control, and reduce cholesterol. Pancreas makes insulin cell take glucose, liver make glycogen. Pancreas make glucagon glycogen becomes glucose feeds cells. Type i diabetes not enough insulin (autoimmune disease)
