BIOL 225 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Extra Challenge, Sexual Reproduction, Starfish

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aquamarineyellowjacket318

11 Mar 2018

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Zygote: the diploid cell that results from the fusion of two gametes. Gamete: a haploid reproductive cell that fuses with another such cell to form a zygote. Sexual reproduction: involves the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote. Asexual reproduction: does not involve the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote: there are different forms of asexual reproduction, fission, animal splits in two, a clone of the parent is produced, ex. cnideria, budding: Is a lot like fission: unequal division, a clone of the parent is produced, fragmentation: fragment of the body of an animal can grow where a part was missing, ex. Advantages of sexual reproduction: alleles are mixed, novel combinations of alleles may be generated, deleterious alleles may be removed from useful alleles, useful alleles may be combined. Dioecious: each individual is either a male or female. Earthworm when earthworms mate, the both get impregnated)

Related Questions

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about chromosomes?

Prokaryotes have a singel, circular chromosome

Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes.

Human cells normally 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Eukaryote chromosomes are composed of only DNA

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about reproduction?

Eukaryotes life cycles include a haploid and diploid phase.

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually.

Eukaryotes can propagate by asexual or sexual reproduction.

Prokaryotes typically reproduce slower than eukaryotes.

Which of the folllowing animal cells is most likely haploid?

nerve cell

muscle cell

sperm cell

liver cell

When human gametes fuse, they form a _____.

		Haploid egg
		Diploid zygote
		Haploid zygote
		Triploid egg

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

Question 1: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

gene, phenotype, chromosome, genotype, allele, genome

2.DNA that provides the instructions for synthesizing various types of small RNA molecules1.The complete set of genetic material in a cellan observable trait (or traits) of an organism

3.DNA that provides instructions for building a proteina variant of a gene

4.DNA of no known function

5.The genetic composition that underlies a trait (or traits)

6.A single molecule of DNA & its associated "helper" molecules

7.The portion of DNA that controls when and where proteins are synthesized

Question 2: Fill in the blank with these terms: dependent variable, independent variable, y-axis, x-axis

Understanding graphs is an important skill in science, since being able to visually depict data is often useful for identifying patterns, and can sometimes be the only tool for easily evaluating whether or not the data supports your hypothesis. When viewing a graph, the______ is plotted on the______, and the______we are measuring is plotted on the_____. For example, in one of the photosynthesis experiments last week, temperature was the______, while the size of the bubble at the end of the experiment was the_____

Question 3: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

diploid cell, haploid cell, fertilization, zygote, gamete, somatic cell

1. The merging of two gametes

2. Any cell in an organism, except those used for reproduction

3. A cell with only one copy of each gene

4. The process of cell division

5. The cells used for sexual reproduction (generally eggs & sperm)

6. The initial cell of an organism

7. A cell that is capable of differentiating into multiple types of specialized cells

8. A cell with two copies of each gene

BIOL 225 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Extra Challenge, Sexual Reproduction, Starfish

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