BIOL 261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Stem-Loop, Rho Factor, Sigma Factor

26 views7 pages

tanfly906

30 Nov 2016

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Sigma factor is required in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes (cid:271)(cid:895) t(cid:396)ue. P(cid:396)o(cid:272)essi(cid:374)g (cid:271)egi(cid:374)s at the (cid:1009)" e(cid:374)d (cid:449)hile the (cid:1007)" e(cid:374)d is still (cid:271)ei(cid:374)g sy(cid:374)thesized: false. Processing occurs in the nucleus and only mature rna is transported out of the cytoplasm: false. Hairpin loops r rho factor (in conjuction with the rut site) is used to terminate transcription in prokaryotes. Aauaaa o(cid:396) auuaaa, (cid:374)ea(cid:396) the (cid:1007)" e(cid:374)d of the t(cid:396)a(cid:374)s(cid:272)(cid:396)ipt a(cid:396)e (cid:396)e(cid:272)og(cid:374)ized by an enzyme that cuts off the end of the rna approximately 20 bases downstream: true. Multiple rna polymerases may transcribe the same template simultaneously: you will learn more about genetic engineering in chapter 10, but for now, put on your ge(cid:374)eti(cid:272) e(cid:374)gi(cid:374)ee(cid:396)"s (cid:272)ap a(cid:374)d t(cid:396)y to sol(cid:448)e this p(cid:396)o(cid:271)le(cid:373). E. (cid:272)oli is (cid:449)idely used i(cid:374) la(cid:271)o(cid:396)ato(cid:396)ies to produce proteins from other organisms: you have isolated a yeast gene that encodes a metabolic enzyme and want to produce this enzyme in e. coli.

Related Questions

1. A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA, yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because

A. all genes are found on the same strand of DNA in a chromosome.

B.both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame.

C.RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA.

D.RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, which precedes the gene only on the template strand of DNA.

E.the start of transcription is random along the chromosome and doesn't always occur on a gene.

2. In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

True or False

3.The process by which cells use the information of RNA molecules to make proteins is transcription.

True or False

22. What is probably the single most important distinction between bacteria and eukaryotes?

a. transcription

b. the separation of the cell's genetic material from the surrounding cytoplasm

c. the existence of ribosomes

d. RNA processing in bacteria

e. antibiotics

23. Which one does NOT characterize an open reading frame (ORF)

a. Uses six reading frames during translation

b. Contains a start codon

c. Contains a stop codon

d. Its length is in multiples of 3 nucleotides

e. It should have the number of codons for a protein or on average ~250 codons in length.

24. Nested intronic genes lie within the non-coding intronic region of a larger gene, and occur in the human genome.

a. True

b. False

25. How would you characterize this statement: EF-Tu will hydrolyze GTP only if the codon:anticodon & tRNA:amino acid matchings are correct

a. Transcription; initiation steps

b. Transcription; termination steps

c. Translation: initiation steps

d. Tanslation: elongation steps

e. Spliceosome

26. Regarding the transcription unit architecture of the Escherichia coli genome, which one is FALSE?

a. Each of the 4,661 transcription units comprised an average of 1.1 modular units.

b. 3,010 transcription units (~65%) are monocistronic.

c. 1,652 transcription units (35%) contain more than one ORF (polycistronic)

d. The largest transcription unit is equivalent to 16 ORFs with numerous introns.

e. 398 transcription units (~9%) are nested within each other in opposite transcriptional orientation

27. Regarding RNA interference (RNAi), which one is FALSE?

a. It is a common and conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells.

b. Originally discovered in bacteria and plant viruses.

c. A form of primitive immunity to protect the genome.

d. Pre microRNA (miRNA) genes have been found in introns.

e. Recent research shows that exogenous plant miRNAs in food can regulate the expression of target genes in mammals.

28. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

a. Recognize the 3âUTR

b. The genes for these enzymes fall into the family of inducible genes

c. The enzymes are imported into the nucleus

d. Covalently attaches an amino acid to the appropriate tRNA. This takes place in the cytoplasm.

e. Forms the peptide bond during protein synthesis

29. What is the process by which complementary RNAs are made from a DNA template?

a. translation

b. transcription

c. protein synthesis

d. transduction

e. transliteration

cyanbee225

1. During DNA replication, proteins unwind the DNA duplex, and separate the DNA strands. Those proteins include:

a.) DNA polymerase and ligase

b.) Single-stranded DNA binding and protein primase

c.) Helicase and DNA polymerase

d.) Helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein

2. What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

a.) The particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction

b.) The relative amounts of the four nucleotide triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, and TTP) in the cell

c.) The nucleotide sequence of the template strand

d.) The primase used in the reaction

e.) Both A and D

3. The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

a.) The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

b.) The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3â hydroxyl (OH) end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5â phosphate (PO4) end.

c.) The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

d.) Both A and B

e.) Both A and C

BIOL 261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Stem-Loop, Rho Factor, Sigma Factor

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Polynucleotide, Non-Coding Rna, Exon

BIOL 261 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Repressor Lexa, Tata-Binding Protein, Protein Dimer

BIOL 261 Chapter 10: Chap 10

Related Questions