BIOL 366 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: African Clawed Frog, Northern Leopard Frog, Germ Layer
12 Feb 2018
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Document Summary
Animal development is characterized by the differentiation of the fertilized egg into the many cell types of the body and by the construction of functionally integrated organs. Generates cellular diversity and order within the individual organism. Ensures the continuity of life from one generation to the next. Each animal passes through similar stages of development: fertilization: fusion of mature sex cells, sperm and egg (gametes) (includes fusion of their pronuclei, cleavage: series of rapid mitotic divisions immediately after fertilization. Cytoplasm divided into numerous smaller cells called blastomeres. by the end blastomeres form a sphere called blastula: gastrulation: blastomeres undergo dramatic movements, change position. Developmental history of the leopard frog rana pipiens. * xenopus laevis: popular model for developmental studies. Animal and vegetal hemispheres: a (fast cell division, small cells, v: (slow cell division, large cells, asymmetry !! Blastopore, blastocoel (the cavity) beginning of gastrulation. Germ layer formation: progenitor of a certain set of tissues, there are conserved.
