CHEM 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Hard Water, Hydrophile, Potassium Carbonate
22 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Soaps and detergents play a very important role in our lives. These chemicals help us in making our surroundings cleaner (i. e. , by removing soil and grease), healthier (i. e. , by reducing the germs), and pleasant. In order to make it more effective in the process of cleaning, the water must be made to spread and thus wet surfaces effectively, i. e. , its surface tension must be reduced. This is achieved by using compounds called surfactants. Surfactants are composed of a hydrophilic (water-soluble) head and a hydrophobic (fat-soluble, water-hating) tail. The hydrophilic end is stable when solubilized in water and the hydrophobic end consists of a long chain hydrocarbon that is more stable when surrounded by other organic groups. There are different classes of surfactants categorized by the charge of the hydrophilic component of the surfactant molecule after dissociation in water: Amphoteric surfactants have both positive and negative charges.
