CHEM 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Ionic Compound, Nonmetal, Atomic Number

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16 Apr 2016

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The periodic table is a chart (containing symbols) of all the known elements arranged by increasing atomic number (z) of the element. (the atomic number is numerically equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms. ) Organic: compounds that contain at least one carbon atom. Inorganic: compounds that contain atoms other than carbon. Exceptions are inorganic compounds such as carbon monoxide (co), carbon dioxide (co2), etc. For the purpose of nomenclature (systematic naming), inorganic compounds are classiied as those: Containing a metal and a nonmetal (ionic compounds) They are formed by the electrostatic attraction between a positive ion (cation from the metal) and a negative ion (anion from the nonmetal). Electrons are transferred from the atoms of one element to the atoms of another element. In general, metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons. Ionic compounds are charge neutral (zero net charge).

Related Questions

Nomenclature lab : will rate answer

Nomenclature lab: will choose best answr

= nonmetal

-3

-2

-1

= metalloid

Type I Binary Ionic Compounds

Type I binary ionic compounds contain a metal and a nonmetal AND the metal that is present only forms one type of cation. Metals with only one cation(shaded below with charges). Both the metal and the nonmetal form ions, which is why it is called an ionic compound.

From the following list, cross out those compounds that do NOT belong in the category for Type I binary ionic compounds.

NaCl FeCl2 CaCl2 TiO2 MgO AlBr3 KCl K2S BeF2 Cu2O3 AgCl Zn3N2

Formula and name examples for Type I binary ionic compounds:

KI = potassium iodide BaO = barium oxide ZnF2 = zinc fluoride Na2S = sodium sulfide

Ag3N = silver nitride BeCl2 = beryllium chloride

What type of element is always listed first (metal or nonmetal)? ____________ second? ___________

Is the name of the first element in the compound different from the element? (yes/no)

What is the common ending for all the names? ______________

In zinc fluoride, there are 2 fluoride atoms, are they indicated in the name? (yes/no)

What is the charge on the zinc ion? _______

What is the charge on the fluoride ion? _______

Why do you need one zinc ion and two fluoride ions for the formula for zinc fluoride?

Why do you need two sodium ions for every sulfide ion in sodium sulfide?

Try not to look in your book and determine the rules for naming type I binary ionic compound when given the formula.

Try not to look in your book and determine the rules for writing the formula for a type I binary compound when given the name.

Name each of the type I binary ionic compounds listed in Question 1 of the Type I section in words.

Type II Binary Ionic Compounds

Type II binary ionic compounds also contain a metal and a nonmetal however the metal that is present here can form more than one type of cation. Metals with multiple possible charges are listed in the periodic table as blank. Type II metals are NOT Type I metals. Again, both the metal and the nonmetal form ions, and it is still called an ionic compound. These metals usually only form two different ions.

From the following list, cross out those compounds that do NOT belong in the category for Type II binary ionic compounds.

AlP FeCl2 Ag2O VBr5 CoS SnF2 K3N SrF2 CuBr AuCl3 ZnO HgS

Formula and name examples for Type II binary ionic compounds:

Fe2O3 = iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide FeO = iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide

CuS = copper(II) sulfide or cupric sulfide CuCl = copper(I) chloride or cuprous chloride

MnO2 = manganese(IV) oxide or manganic oxide MnCl2 = manganese(II) chloride or manganous chloride

What type of element is always listed first (metal or nonmetal)? ____________ second? ___________

Is the name of the first element in the compound different from the element? (yes/no)

What is the common ending for the nonmetal portion of the names? ______________

In the compound FeO, what is the charge on iron? _______

In the compound Fe2O3, what is the charge on iron? ________

What does the Roman number after the metal name represent?

Try not to look in your book and determine the rules for naming type II binary ionic compound when given the formula.

Try not to look in your book and determine the rules for writing the formula for a type II binary compound when given the name.

Name each of the type II binary ionic compounds listed in Question 1 of the Type II section in words.

Type III (Nonmetallic) Binary Compounds

Binary compounds that do not contain metals, sometimes referred to as binary molecular compounds, have covalent bonds instead of ionic bonds. A covalent bond is formed by sharing one or more pairs of electrons. The pair of electrons is shared by both atoms. For example, in forming H2, each hydrogen atom contributes one electron to the single bond.

From the following list, cross out those compounds that do NOT belong in the category for binary compounds containing only nonmetals or metalloids.

CCl4 AlCl3 CO SeF6 SiO2 SrI2 P4O10 TiO2 SeO3 IrCl ZrO2 N2O5

Formula and name examples for Type III binary molecular compounds:

CO2 = carbon dioxide H2O = dihydrogen monoxide

IF5 = iodine pentafluoride BF3 = boron trifluoride

Which element is listed first in the name?

Is the name of the first element in the compound different from the element? (yes/no)

What is the common ending for all the names? ______________

What do the prefixes (di-, mono-, penta-, tri-) in the names above mean?

Is the prefix mono- used when there is only one atom of the first element? (yes/no)

Is the prefix mono- used when there is one atom of the second element? (yes/no)

Try not to look at your book and determine the rules for naming type III binary ionic compound when given the formula.

Name each of the type III binary compounds in Question 1 of the Type III section in words.

Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are ions that as a group have a set charge. Polyatomic ions are usually recognized in a formula by the grouping of more than one nonmetal elements after a metal. Your book has a table listing polyatomic ions. Use your bookâs table to fill in the following table with the appropriate names/formulas of the polyatomic ions.

Name	Formula	Name	Formula
hydronium		chlorite
phosphate			C2H3O2-1
	SO3-2		ClO4-1
	OH-1	carbonate
cyanide			NO2-1

Polyatomic ions containing oxygen (oxyanions or oxoanions) are somewhat special.

carbonate = CO3-2

Match the location of carbon on the periodic table with the two figures on the right.

What number is in the carbon location on the left figure? To what does this number refer?

What number is the carbon location on the right figure? To what does this number refer?

What element must all oxyanions contain?

What is the ending of the name of the ion determined from these tables?

Determine the formula for the following oxyanions using the figures above. Phosphate _________ Silicate ________ Bromate ________ Iodate ________ Sulfate ________ Nitrate ________

Review Table

Use your knowledge of Type I and Type II metals as well as the appropriate polyatomic name/formula to fill in the following table.

Name	Formula	Name	Formula
sodium phosphate			Cu(ClO)2
tin (II) nitrate		calcium sulfate
	KCN	ammonium nitrate
	Sr(MnO4)2		MnSO4

Acids

Acids are compounds that when dissolved in water, produce hydrogen ions (H+). Naming acids can be tricky. Use the following figure to determine how to name an acid.

FG02_27

Given that the ion formula is NO2-1, how can one determine the name of the ion, acid formula, and acid name?

Ion name:

What is the formula for nitrate?

Is NO2-1 the nitrate ion or the nitrite ion?

Acid formula:

According to the figure above, what ion must be added to create an acid? What is the charge of that ion?

How many of the hydrogen ions must be added to NO2-1 to make a neutral acid (zero charge)?

What is the chemical formula for the acid created when hydrogen ion(s) are added to NO2-1?

Acid name:

Based on your answer to Question 1 above, does the name for the NO2-1 ion end in âite or âate?

Name the acid, HNO2.

Fill in the following acid table:

Acid Formula	Acid Name	Anion Formula	Anion Name
HCl	hydrochloric acid	ClÂ¯	chloride
		ClO3Â¯
	sulfuric acid
			bromate
		PO4-3
HF
H2CO3
		C2H3O2 Â¯

roseant57

Which of the following are true? [check all that apply] Ternary salts are compounds that result from replacing the hydrogen in a ternary acid with metal ion or ammonium ion. Ternary compound consists of two elements. Most transition metals and the metals of group 3A (except Al), 4A, and 5A exhibit more than one oxidation state, thus, they may form two or more binary compounds with the same nonmetals. Ternary acids are compounds of hydrogen, oxygen and (usually) a metal. Nearly all binary molecular compounds involve two nonmetals bonded together. Prefix tetra- represents the number five. Binary compound consists of two elements. To name binary compound, the less electronegative element is named first and the more electronegative element is named second. Binary acids arc compounds in which H is bonded to a group 6A element other than that O or to a group 7A element. To name binary ionic compounds which contains metal cations and nonmetal anions, the anion Is named first and cation

ivoryyak245

1.An inorganic base dissociates in water into ?a)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions b)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more reactions c)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more captions d)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more anions 2.An atom becomes a cation by? a)accepting electrons into its outermost electron shell b)giving up electrons from its outermost electron shell c)donating protons to another atom d)accepting proton from another atom 3.An atom of oxygen has 8 protons ,8electroenes and 8 neutrons.How would you expect the electrons to be arranged in this atom? a)all electrons are located in the nucleus of the atom b)all 8 electrons are located in the outermost electron shell c)all 8 electrons are located in the electron shell nearest the nucleus d)2 electrons are in the electron shell nearest the nucleus and 6 are in the second shell 4.Which solution is acidic? a) H2O b)H2O+ NA(+) +OH(-) c) H20+H(+) +Cl (-) d)Na(+) + HCO3 (-) 5.which of the following is true about the products of the chemical reaction?a) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain the fewer atoms than the reactants b) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain more atoms than the reactants c)in any chemical reaction the products may contain more or fewer atoms than the rectants because the reaction is a random event d)the products of chemical reactions always contain the same number of atoms as the reactants 6.Can you choose which thing is not like others ? a)lactose b)maltose c)sucrose d )fructose 7Which of the following is not organic compound? a)CO2 b)H2O c)CH2O d)NH3 8.Which of the following is a lipid ? a)C6H12O6 b)C22H44COOH c)C2H4NH2 d)CO2 9.Which of the following does not dissolve readily in a water? a)proteins b) amino Acids c) steroids d) Carbohydrates 10.Which of the following is organic asid? a)H2CO3 b)NaOH c)HCL d)KCL 11.Nitrogen is the element important to the composition of ? a)carbohydrate b)proteins and nucleis acids c)fats d)glycerol 12.Which of the following is protein ? a)sucrose b) cholesterol c)raffinose d)mannose 13.In the formation of a polymer , dehydration synthesis occurs between ? a) the amino groups of 2 different amino acids b)the acid groups of two different amino acids c)the amino group of one amino acid and the acid group of the other d)all of the above

CHEM 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Ionic Compound, Nonmetal, Atomic Number

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