CHEM 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Deodorant, Perspiration, Finasteride
19 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Soaps and detergents are composed of surfactants. Composed of a hydrophilic (water-soluble) head and a hydrophobic (fat-soluble, water- hating) tail. Hydrophilic end is stable when solubilized in water. Hydrophobic end consists of a long chain in hydrocarbon that is more stable when surrounded by other organic groups. Categorized by the charge of hydrophilic component of the surfactant molecule after dissociation in water. Amphoteric surfactants have both positive and negative charges. Soaps (anionic surfactants) consist of the long hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids and the polar heads of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids (found in fats and oils of animals and plants). Traditionally, soap was made from animal fat and wood ash (composed of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate) Soaps are manufactured from combinations of natural and renewable resources. Soaps are biodegradable do not pollute bodies of water. Formation of soap film (or scum) in water containing ca2+ and mg2+ ions (hard water)
