PSYC 440 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Bipolar Disorder, Multiple Sclerosis, Cognitive Disorder
27 Apr 2018
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PSYC 440
Lecture 15 – Neuropsychology of Anxiety and Depression
• Depression
1. Cognitive symptoms:
a. Reduced concentration is one of the diagnostic criteria
b. Reduced motor function is one of the diagnostic criteria
c. Memory problems
2. Depression often goes together with neurocognitive disorders:
a. Many neurological disorders are risk factors for Anxiety disorders and
depression:
- Anxiety and depression disorders increase the risk for certain neurological
disorders
b. Cognitive problems are common in certain neurological disorders and in mental
health problems:
- Neurocognitive disorders (separate category than depression):
i. Considered mental disorders (part of the DSM 5):
Examples:
Delirium
Major/mild cognitive disorders due to medical disorders (e.g.,
due to TBI, Parkiso’s, HIV ifetio
ii. Core symptoms:
Decline from a previously attained level of cognitive functioning
(e.g., memory, attention, planning)
3. Cognitive impairments and mental health:
a. Mental health problems have been linked to cognitive problems (e.g., psychosis,
bipolar disorder, unipolar disorder, eating disorder, substance abuse, ADHD,
etc.) where depression can be a confounder for all these mental health
problems.
4. Cognitive alterations/Depression and Physical Health:
a. Depression is a common symptom in many physical health problems (e.g.,
epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, head trauma)
5. Summary:
a. Depression is common in neurocognitive disorders
b. Depression and cognitive impairments are common in a variety of physical
disorders (e.g., neurological disorders)
c. Cognitive impairments are common in many mental health problems (including
depression)
6. Cognitive Alterations and Mood Disorders
a. Include:
- Memory impairments:
i. Episodic
ii. Explicit memory
iii. Implicit memory (i.e. recalling how to do things) remains intact
- Attention (e.g., focused attention, divided attention, sustained attention).
- Working memory.
- Executive function:
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