BIOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Osmosis, Second Messenger System, Phosphodiesterase
8 Oct 2016
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Adjacent cells can have gap/cell junctions that allow for transfer of small molecules between the two cells. For example, cells in the heart have gap junctions. One cell recognizes another cell using molecules protruding outside. An example is the cells of the immune system. This normally influences cells that are in the vicinity. Neurotransmitter molecule carry chemical signal from pre-synaptic neuron to post synaptic neuron. Molecules (hormones) move far away from the secretory cell/endocrine cell through the bloodstream to a receptor on a target organ. Message is relayed to other proteins within the cell (this is often called a cascade"): response: a cellular response is triggered and the cell might grow, divide, make a protein or go through apoptosis. Sometimes the receptor can be inside the cell. For example; receptor proteins for mostly steroids (sex hormones). When inside the ligand (signalling molecule) binds with receptor and makes a ligand- receptor complex.
