BIOL 2030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Electromagnetic Radiation, Nucleic Acid Analogue, Mutagen
12 Apr 2016
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Ionizing radiaion: cosmic rays: from the sun, gamma rays: from radioacive decay, x-rays: from electrons and x-ray tubes, creates free radicals or reacive ions which can alter the structure of bases and break phosphodister bonds. Can cause gene not to be transcribed. Can cause the death of a cell. Ultraviolet radiaion: lower energy than ionizing, the sun and other lamps, electromagneic radiaion, pyrimidine dimers: The energy is absorbed by the bases and the pyrimidines will join together (one the same side) Causes a kink in the dna which can prevent it from being transcribed or replicated. Base modifying: modify the groups on normal bases and this results in incorrect pairing during replicaion. Measures the reversion mutaions of his- to his+ The more reversion there are the higher chance there is a mutagen present. Always need a control because need to know the rate of spontaneous mutaions.
