BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Synonymous Substitution, Allele Frequency, Population Genetics
13 Feb 2016
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Document Summary
Observable change in trait frequency: black moths became more common. Evidence of natural selection better camouflaged on trees covered in soot from pollution. When experiments repeated, collectively, the experiments favour evidence of selection. Observation: male moths fly >2. 5km each night: mark-recapture data: Collected by placing traps farther and farther out to see at what point they stop flying out. Migration may exist between polluted and non- polluted sites. Introduce 1% migration of individuals from unpolluted forest, frequency of mottled moths never reaches 0% (dark never reaches 100%) Modeling the spatial cline o: migration homogenizes allele frequencies. Some carbonaria (dark) present in unpolluted north. Some typica (mottled) in polluted liverpool and. Infer: migration rate, fitness in different pollution sites. Use info to predict decline through tome as pollution drops in other locations. Ancestor dna sequence unknown: use differences between 2 species with a common ancestor to determine dna of ancestor.
