BIOL 2060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Intraspecific Competition, Exponential Growth, Habitat Destruction
Human Ecology
April 4, 2016
Final: Tues April 12
• 17 Q on lectures 1-17
• 50 Q on lectures 17-34
• content, graphs and models
• population growth models, geometric/exponential/logistic
• diversity indexes
individual population community
ecosystem landscape region biosphere
Individuals:
• all are affected and shaped by environment (abiotic, biotic and habitat factors)
o biotic = inter or intraspecific competition
o abiotic = temperature, water, light conditions
Populations:
• grow or decline based on:
o density-dependent growth rate
o age structure
o species interactions (including with humans)
o density-independent factors (natural/anthropogenic disturbance)
• Human Population growth in Last 10,000 years:
o following the plaque (~1000AD) large exponential growth
Communities:
• structure is determined by:
o top-down effects
o bottom-up effects (climate/ nutrients/ primary producers)
o …
• human role in marine food webs:
o various new and different interactions through introduction of human activities
o decrease of top predators – weak interactions
o abundance of primary producers increase
o extinction of monk seals
Ecosystems:
• functioning (primary and secondary production) is related to:
o species diversity and composition
o temperature and moisture
o chemical and physical properties
o grazers and predators
o human activity
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