PSYO 1012 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Heritability, Prefrontal Cortex, Mental Age
4 Jul 2018
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Lesson 3: Intelligence, Problem Solving, & Creativity
Chapter 9
Define intelligence and understand theoretical perspectives
Intelligence: a set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving,
and the ability to acquire knowledge. Also, mathematical ability, general knowledge, and
creativity.
- Average IQ is 100.
- Spearman
oSpecific dimensions or factors of intelligence correlated strongly with one
another, suggesting that they were all measuring the same thing
oG-factor theory: describes intelligence as a single general factor made up of
specific components.
Strongly influenced intelligence test construction
Someone who scored 115 on an intelligence test is likely more intelligent
than someone who scored 110.
- Thurstone
oMultiple-factor theory of intelligence: the different aspects of intelligence are
distinct enough that multiple abilities must be considered, not just one.
find more resources at oneclass.com
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G-factor theorists believe that a single test score accurately reflects a
person’s overall intelligence, multiple-factor theorists believe that it does
not.
- Cattell-Horn-Carroll
oFluid intelligence: raw mental ability, pattern recognition, and abstract reasoning
that is applied to a problem that an individual has never confronted before.
Neither culture or vocabulary influence this type of intelligence.
The Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test is often used to measure this
intelligence.
Speed of reasoning
oCrystallized intelligence: knowledge that has been gained through experience,
learning, education, and practice.
Influenced by the extent of your vocabulary and knowledge of your
culture.
Language comprehension
oHierarchical Intelligence
General intelligence (top) – similar to g-factor intelligence
Broad intelligence – consists of abilities such as crystallized intelligence,
fluid intelligence, memory, learning, and processing speed.
Narrow intelligence – consists of 70 distinct abilities such as speed of
reasoning; general sequential reasoning for fluid intelligence; reading,
spelling, and language comprehension for crystallized intelligence.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
- Sternberg
oSuccessful intelligence: an integrated set of information processing and cognitive
abilities needed for life success.
oTriracial theory of intelligence
Analytic intelligence – involves judging, evaluating, or comparing and
contrasting information
Similar to academic intelligence that leads to high scores on tests
of intelligence
Creative intelligence – involved in coming up with fresh and useful ideas
for solving problems.
Practical intelligence – the ability to solve problems of everyday life
efficiently
Street skills
- Gardner
oMultiple intelligences: consists of at least eight distinct capacities – linguistic,
mathematical-logical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, intrapersonal,
interpersonal, and naturalistic.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Intelligence: a set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge. Spearman: specific dimensions or factors of intelligence correlated strongly with one another, suggesting that they were all measuring the same thing, g-factor theory: describes intelligence as a single general factor made up of specific components. Someone who scored 115 on an intelligence test is likely more intelligent than someone who scored 110. Thurstone: multiple-factor theory of intelligence: the different aspects of intelligence are distinct enough that multiple abilities must be considered, not just one. G-factor theorists believe that a single test score accurately reflects a person"s overall intelligence, multiple-factor theorists believe that it does not. Cattell-horn-carroll: fluid intelligence: raw mental ability, pattern recognition, and abstract reasoning that is applied to a problem that an individual has never confronted before. Neither culture or vocabulary influence this type of intelligence. The raven"s progressive matrices test is often used to measure this intelligence.
