PSYO 1021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression, Blind Experiment, Statistical Hypothesis Testing
27 Jun 2018
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Lecture 4
Example of correlation that isn’t related to causation.
Other examples of correlations include
Alcohol consumption and test scores
Lecture attendance and test scoes
Causation is necessary but not suffiencient
for causation
Experimental studies
Unlike correlation studies, this method can conclude if one variable causes the other
Design that allows the most control over an experimental situation
How it works: manipulate a variable and measure how it relates to the other variable of interest
2 most important characteristics
1. Manipulation of a predicted cause (and measurement the response)
so, you manipulate the independent variable to see if it causes the change predicted in the depent
variable
recall: the dependent variable depends on the independent variable = it changes the dependent
variable
‘are we getting the predicted response?’
ex: predict that students will have better grades if they participate in a study program
take students in a study program and some not in the program and analyse the different grades
Manipulate the variable: if they’re in a study group or not
Measure the response: of the variable grades
2. Random assignment of participants to control and experimental groups
Each participant has an equal chance of being placed in each group
** important to get the same type of people in each group
if the 2 groups are the same in the beginning the chances at the end is the result of independent
variable
= minimizing the possibility of that other variables explain the difference
Experimental control
For your experience to be successful you have to make sure:
- Experimental control of the independent variable
- You randomly assign your 2 groups:
Experimental group: receive the treatment (ex: take the study program) - investigate
Control group: placed in the exact same conditions as the experimental group but don’t receive
the treatment (take a fake study program) - investigate
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