PHED-4547EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Alkaline Phosphatase, Cartilaginous Joint, Fibrous Joint
27 Apr 2020
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Document Summary
Bone: specialized type of connective tissue: composed of a dense connective tissue framework impregnated with calcium phosphate salts, continually broken down and reformed. Strength and thickness of bones depend on activity level, calcium availability, vitamin d, and hormones. Disuse atrophy: thinning and decalcification of bone due to lack of weight-bearing. Bones of skeleton are connected by joints. Types of joints: fibrous joint, cartilaginous joint, synovial joint. Intramembranous: mesoderm transformed into osteoblasts that are converted into bone. Endochondral: cartilage model converted into bone. Rickets: vitamin d deficiency in children leads to impaired calcification, bowing of leg bones under a load. Osteomalacia: defective intestinal absorption of vitamin d or calcium (disease leading to lack of bile production) Impaired growth of extremities and formation of skull bones: causes dwarfism with disproportionately short limbs. Osteogenesis imperfecta: thin and delicate bones easily broken, may be born with multiple fractures, can be lethal.
