HIST-281 Lecture 39: North and South in Europe
3 Nov 2020
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In other words, individual identity and social community in the north were established on a personal basis whereas in the south they were established on a civic basis. In the south one was a citizen of a particular municipality, and was little else; social position for most was determined by what they accomplished with their free citizenship. Generalizations like this are always heavy-handed and we must be careful not to press the point too hard, but the fact remains that by the start of the twelfth century northern and southern. The europeans themselves noticed it and commented on it: political dominance belonged to the north. Germany, france, and england had large populations and large armies that made them, in the political and military senses, the masters of western europe. Organized by the practices known collectively as feudalism, these kingdoms emerged as powerful states with sophisticated machineries of government.
