BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Paraphyly, Peptidoglycan, Archaea
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QUESTION 1
Which of the following statements about the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is false?
a. | It resists attachment of the bacterial chromosome to its inner surface. | |
b. | It contains a protein complex that drives ATP synthesis. | |
c. | It is asymmetric. | |
d. | It consists of relatively equal amounts of phospholipids and proteins. |
1 points
QUESTION 2
Which of the following statements regarding Mycobacteria is false?
a. | The genome has relatively low Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) content. | |
b. | The cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a polymer (peptidoglycan) consisting of alternating N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-Acetylmuramic (NAM) acid units. | |
c. | It infects approximately one-third of the global human population. | |
d. | It has a Gram-positive cell wall with an additional waxy lipid layer of mycolic acid. |
1 points
QUESTION 3
Which of the following outer membrane porins enables Mycobacteria to adapt to acidic and intracellular environments, and shows homology to outer membrane porin A?
a. | OmpATb. | |
b. | OmpA. | |
c. | MspA. | |
d. | Lipid A. |
1 points
QUESTION 4
Based on your understanding of bacterial membranes, which of the following is not likely to be found in an E. coli outer membrane?
a. | Membrane-anchored enzymes. | |
b. | Mycolic acid. | |
c. | Lipopolysaccharide. | |
d. | Porin channels. |
1 points
QUESTION 5
Based on the conclusions of this paper, which of the following statements would the author most likely disagree with?
a. | Some archaeon do not contain all of the genes essential for life. | |
b. | The membrane structures of prokaryotes show far greater diversity than those of eukaryotes. | |
c. | As demonstrated in this definitive report, scientists have a great understanding of the majority of basic functions and evolution of bacterial membranes. | |
d. | The outer membrane (and its associated components) of archaea, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria likely evolved independently of one another. |
1 points
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is not true for Gram-negative, acid-fast, and archaeal membranes?
a. | They modify their lipid content in response to environmental changes. | |
b. | They have co-evolved the same outer membrane composition and structure. | |
c. | They all have a cytoplasmic membrane. | |
d. | Membrane transport proteins regulate nutrient uptake and waste removal. |
1 points
QUESTION 7
Compared to Mycobacteria, Gram-negative bacterium contain:
a. | More mycolic acid. | |
b. | Pores of increased length. | |
c. | Less peptidoglycan. | |
d. | 50-fold-lower numbers of porins. |
1 points
QUESTION 8
Archaea are found to survive in strongly acidic lakes compared to bacteria and Eukaryotes. Which of the following supports this claim according to the study?
a. | The presence of L-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes. | |
b. | The presence of D-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes. | |
c. | The presence of L-glycerol ester linked peptidoglycans in Archaea membranes. | |
d. | The presence of L-glycerol ester linked lipids in Archaea membranes. |
1 points
QUESTION 9
Based on your understanding of the symbiotic relationship between Nanoarchaeum equitans and Ignicoccus, which of the following below is not true?
a. | The membrane lipids of N. equitans are synthesized by Ignoccocus. | |
b. | In exchange for membrane lipids, N. equitans provide Ignicoccus with many essential cytoplasmic enzymes. | |
c. | N. equitans lack enzymes capable of catalyzing lipid biosynthesis. | |
d. | Intraperiplasmic vesicles produced by Ignicoccus allow for lipid transfer to N. equitans. |
1 points
QUESTION 10
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in bacteria, as mentioned in the article?
a. | They mediate transmembrane electron flow. | |
b. | They mediate lipid biosynthesis. | |
c. | They help to stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane. | |
d. | They are responsible for the selective permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane. |
It's a quiz for my life science class.
QUESTION 1
Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same
A. | species. | |
B. | family. | |
C. | class. | |
D. | genus. | |
E. | order. |
5 points
QUESTION 2
The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)
A. | molecule. | |
B. | cell. | |
C. | organism. | |
D. | tissue. |
5 points
QUESTION 3
In populations, adaptation usually arises through
A. | responsiveness. | |
B. | heredity. | |
C. | metabolism. | |
D. | natural selection. | |
E. | development. |
5 points
QUESTION 4
Scientists have found that ancient fossils
A. | are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils. | |
B. | are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils. | |
C. | are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils. | |
D. | are very similar to present-day organisms. | |
E. | bear no resemblance to present-day organisms. |
5 points
QUESTION 5
What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?
A. | herpetology | |
B. | analogy | |
C. | zoology | |
D. | ecology | |
E. | ichnology |
5 points
QUESTION 6
Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:
A. | motility. | |
B. | a high degree of organization. | |
C. | lack of change from generation to generation. | |
D. | reproduction. | |
E. | responsiveness to stimuli. |
5 points
QUESTION 7
The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.
A. | phylum | |
B. | class | |
C. | family | |
D. | species | |
E. | genus |
5 points
QUESTION 8
Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?
A. | organ system | |
B. | molecule | |
C. | organelle | |
D. | cell | |
E. | tissue |
5 points
QUESTION 9
Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?
A. | preadaptation | |
B. | special creation | |
C. | inheritance of acquired characteristics. | |
D. | taxonomy | |
E. | evolution |
5 points
QUESTION 10
If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?
A. | organismal | |
B. | community | |
C. | ecosystem | |
D. | population | |
E. | biosphere |
5 points
QUESTION 11
Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?
A. | organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles | |
B. | organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms | |
C. | organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms | |
D. | tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms | |
E. | cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms |
5 points
QUESTION 12
When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?
A. | biosphere | |
B. | population | |
C. | species | |
D. | ecosystem |
5 points
QUESTION 13
The units of inheritance are
A. | evolutions. | |
B. | heredities. | |
C. | genes | |
D. | twins. | |
E. | metabolic activities. |
5 points
QUESTION 14
Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction
A. | require another organism to reproduce. | |
B. | are usually very complex. | |
C. | produce offspring that are different from each other. | |
D. | do not require energy to reproduce. | |
E. | produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent. |
5 points
QUESTION 15
All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a
A. | biosphere. | |
B. | community. | |
C. | biosystem. | |
D. | population. | |
E. | ecosystem. |
5 points
QUESTION 16
The first step in the scientific method is to
A. | identify a problem. | |
B. | predict the results of an experiment. | |
C. | propose a solution. | |
D. | draw a conclusion. | |
E. | perform an experiment. |
5 points
QUESTION 17
Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:
A. | heredity. | |
B. | metabolism. | |
C. | development. | |
D. | evolution. | |
E. | heredity. |
5 points
QUESTION 18
To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must
A. | carry on metabolism. | |
B. | reproduce. | |
C. | constantly change. | |
D. | be able to move. | |
E. | extract energy from sunlight. |
5 points
QUESTION 19
Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?
A. | family | |
B. | phylum | |
C. | domain | |
D. | kingdom | |
E. | order |
5 points
QUESTION 20
Fungi are classified into which domain?
A. | Archaea | |
B. | Eukarya | |
C. | Bacteria | |
D. | Fungi |