BIOL 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Hemoglobin, Stop Codon, Missense Mutation
Document Summary
Sickle cells have less efficient hemoglobin, die much sooner, are associated with much higher mortality rates. Can be detected with migration of hemoglobin (less migration in sickle cells) The hbs phenotype is selected for in some humans: east africa, why, plasmodium falciparum are present in rbc and heterozygous sickle cell anemic people survive malaria better than homozygous wild type. The beta-globin gene is mutated in sickle cell anemics. Need a lot of dna, slow, laborious. Ingredients: target dna, dna polymerase, dntps, oligonucleotide primers. Vntrs and pcr amplification are used as molecular markers for gene mapping if areas just outside of vntr regions are known, we can identify the # of. Vntrs and therefore note on the corresponding alleles. Mutation: change in dna sequences that can alter coding, gene regulation, phenotypes, etc. Is a natural process that is always happening. Almost all are fixed by dna repair mechanisms. Spontaneous: background levels of mutations, no purposeful or accidental exposure to mutagen.
