CHEM 181 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Fleur De Sel, Corn Tortilla, Cottage Cheese
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Video 1
Calcium is the most prevalent mineral in our diet
that we need for our teeth and bones
-
Phospherous is also for teeth and bones
-
Vanadium, molibium, tin
-
These are micronutrients and we need about 1g or a
little more than a gram per day
-
Salts
Morton salt
○
Kosher salt
○
Fleur de sel
○
Hawaiian sea salt
○
Pink Himalayan salt
Has a distinct marine flavour
§
○
-
Hypertension
Too much salt can lead to high blood pressure
○
Blood letting took place in the olden days to
lower the amount of salt in the body and in
extreme cases it still takes place
○
The normal blood pressure is roughly 120/80
(systolic/diastolic)
High blood pressure would be more
than 140/90
§
○
-
Activity 1
Cottage cheese has the highest amount of sodium
per serving and beats out vanilla ice cream, olives,
eggs and corn tortillas
-
High Sodium
Low Sodium
2% Cottage Cheese (1
cup) = 746mg
Corn tortilla (26 g)=
3mg
Green Olives ( 10 large)
= 607 mg
Vanilla ice cream
(1/2cup) = 53mg
Raw egg (1 large) =
71mg
Video 2
Potassium (K+)
Some doctors recommend the use of "no salt"
products (potassium chloride to flavour food)
○
Foods already have a high level of potassium
in them like bananas, but potatoes have 50%
more potassium than bananas per gram
○
-
Activity 2
Bananas are commonly thought of as a rich source
of potassium (K+) but you saw in the video that
there are other foods that contain high levels of
potassium also. Which of the following foods
contains the highest amount of potassium per
serving?
Dried apricots
○
Amount of Potassium per 100g serving:
Foods
Dried Apricot (no sugar
added)
1162
mg
Almonds (dry roasted, no
salt)
713 mg
Oyster Mushrooms (raw) 420 mg
Bananas 358 mg
Mangos (raw) 168 mg
Onions (raw) 146 mg
-
Video 3
Iodine (I-)
Talking about ionic iodine
○
Iodine is a solid, as you heat iodine it does not
melt (purple fumes are given off) - elemental
iodine
○
Deficiency of ionic iodine causes goiter and
this is needed by the thyroid gland for fat
metabolism
○
-
Theodore Kocher won a nobel prize for thyroid work
-
Iodine is naturally present in sea salt and fish
-
Potassium iodine is added in 0.1% to table salt to
suppress goiter
-
Only requires 150 micrograms per day
-
Kazakstan
A lot of people have goiter and it stunts
growth and mental capacities
○
Not present in the salt mines and the salt of
that country
○
-
Costs 5 cents per person per year (nickel) to solve
goiter
-
Activity 3
Fortification of salt with iodine is a public health
initiative designed to reduce health issues
associated with iodine deficiency. In the culinary
world many different types of salt are used. Which
of the following types of salts are sources of iodine?
Table salt and sea salt
○
-
Video 4
Iron (Fe2+)
Located in metals part of the periodic table
○
2 - 4 grams in the body associated with heme
and blood molecules that transports oxygen
around the body
○
Need between 10 - 20mg/day
○
-
Iron and health issues
Iron deficiency anemia
○
Hemochromatosis (genetic)
Body absorbs an abnormal amount of
iron (from iron pots, etc.)
§
The excess is stored in the heart, liver,
pancreas and joints
§
○
In medieval times for people to get enough
iron it was recommended to put iron nails in
wine and the acidic components of wine
would cause some of the iron to go into the
wine
○
You can find iron in red meat and broccoli
○
Iron is best absorbed when taken with vitamin
C because it assists in the absorption from the
gastrointestinal tract
○
Iron can be added to bread as a supplement
○
Possible to get extra iron by products such as
Geritol (each mL contains 3.3mg)
○
Slow release iron in tablet form
○
-
Prophyria
An inherited condition explained by Felix
Hoppe-Seyler
○
Individuals who have this have too much
prophyrin produced and it affects the nervous
system and/or the skin
Causes reddish skin and excessive hair
§
○
-
Activity 4
During the discussion of iron, Dr. Harpp mentioned
a condition called hemochromatosis. People
suffering from this are at risk of developing iron
toxicity because very little iron is excreted from the
body. The tolerable upper intake for adults is
45mg/day. How many servings does this translate to
when we examine two foods that are considered to
be food sources of iron? Round your answer to the
nearest half or whole serving.
-
Food Source Serving
Size
Amount of Iron
per serving
Liver, Pork
(cooked)
3oz / 85g ~15 mg
Seaweed
(dried)
1 cup /
20g
~13 mg
Total number of pork liver servings needed to
reach upper intake level: 3
○
Total number of seaweed servings needed to
reach upper intake level: 3.5
○
-
Video 5
Zinc (Zn2+)
A metallic material
○
Aspergillus Niger (1869)
Zinc levels were important for the
growth of this
§
○
Total amount of zinc in the body is 0.003% of
body weight
○
About 20% of the population lacks zinc in their
diet
Concerned with mortality rates
§
○
Supresses dwarfism
○
-
Zinc and health issues
Healing
○
Smell - anosmia
○
Taste
○
Circulation (Raynaud's disease - circulation
disease)
○
-
One of the best sources of zinc is oysters (7x as
much zinc than is present in meat)
-
Nuts and meat are sources of zinc as well
7mg per 100mg of meat
○
-
Need about 10mg of zinc per day
-
Fiber and protein materials capture zinc due to the
structure that they have
-
Enzyme connection
300 known enzymes that deal with zinc
Alcohol dehydrogenase (processes
alcohol in the body)
§
RNA polymerase
§
T-RNA synthetase
§
○
Insulin requires zinc
○
-
From a hair sample it is able to calculate the amount
of zinc in the body when the hair was grown
-
Video 6
Selenium in the form of selenite
Present in onions
○
-
50mcg is approx the daily allotment for selenium
Like 1 small cubes of salt equivalent weights
○
-
Selenium functions as an antioxidant that works
with vitamin E
-
It is part of glutathione peroxidase that protects
against oxidative damage
-
Found in seaweed, sea food, brazil nuts, tuna,
substantially present in garlic and onions and
contributes to the odor that is present
-
China produces about 75% of all the garlic in the
world
About 12 million metric tons are produced
globally
○
-
Activity 5
Selenium is a trace mineral with respect to dietary
intakes. The recommended daily dosage is
approximately 55 micrograms. Brazil nuts are the #1
source of selenium with a 100 gram serving
providing 1917 micrograms. Assume 1 brazil nut
weighs approx 5 grams, how many micrograms of
selenium does it contain?
I brazil nut = 96 micrograms of selenium
○
-
What is your conclusion? Can one nut provide your
daily requirement for selenium?
Yes
○
-
Lecture 3 -Topic 2
Saturday, January 20, 2018
11:05 AM
Video 1
Calcium is the most prevalent mineral in our diet
that we need for our teeth and bones
-
Phospherous is also for teeth and bones
-
Vanadium, molibium, tin
-
These are micronutrients and we need about 1g or a
little more than a gram per day
-
Salts
Morton salt
○
Kosher salt
○
Fleur de sel
○
Hawaiian sea salt
○
Pink Himalayan salt
Has a distinct marine flavour
§
○
-
Hypertension
Too much salt can lead to high blood pressure
○
Blood letting took place in the olden days to
lower the amount of salt in the body and in
extreme cases it still takes place
○
The normal blood pressure is roughly 120/80
(systolic/diastolic)
High blood pressure would be more
than 140/90
§
○
-
Activity 1
Cottage cheese has the highest amount of sodium
per serving and beats out vanilla ice cream, olives,
eggs and corn tortillas
-
High Sodium Low Sodium
2% Cottage Cheese (1
cup) = 746mg
Corn tortilla (26 g)=
3mg
Green Olives ( 10 large)
= 607 mg
Vanilla ice cream
(1/2cup) = 53mg
Raw egg (1 large) =
71mg
Video 2
Potassium (K+)
Some doctors recommend the use of "no salt"
products (potassium chloride to flavour food)
○
Foods already have a high level of potassium
in them like bananas, but potatoes have 50%
more potassium than bananas per gram
○
-
Activity 2
Bananas are commonly thought of as a rich source
of potassium (K+) but you saw in the video that
there are other foods that contain high levels of
potassium also. Which of the following foods
contains the highest amount of potassium per
serving?
Dried apricots
○
Amount of Potassium per 100g serving:
Foods
Dried Apricot (no sugar
added)
1162 mg
Almonds (dry roasted, no
salt)
713 mg
Oyster Mushrooms (raw)
420 mg
Bananas
358 mg
Mangos (raw)
168 mg
Onions (raw)
146 mg
-
Video 3
Iodine (I-)
Talking about ionic iodine
○
Iodine is a solid, as you heat iodine it does not
melt (purple fumes are given off) - elemental
iodine
○
Deficiency of ionic iodine causes goiter and
this is needed by the thyroid gland for fat
metabolism
○
-
Theodore Kocher won a nobel prize for thyroid work
-
Iodine is naturally present in sea salt and fish
-
Potassium iodine is added in 0.1% to table salt to
suppress goiter
-
Only requires 150 micrograms per day
-
Kazakstan
A lot of people have goiter and it stunts
growth and mental capacities
○
Not present in the salt mines and the salt of
that country
○
-
Costs 5 cents per person per year (nickel) to solve
goiter
-
Activity 3
Fortification of salt with iodine is a public health
initiative designed to reduce health issues
associated with iodine deficiency. In the culinary
world many different types of salt are used. Which
of the following types of salts are sources of iodine?
Table salt and sea salt
○
-
Video 4
Iron (Fe2+)
Located in metals part of the periodic table
○
2 - 4 grams in the body associated with heme
and blood molecules that transports oxygen
around the body
○
Need between 10 - 20mg/day
○
-
Iron and health issues
Iron deficiency anemia
○
Hemochromatosis (genetic)
Body absorbs an abnormal amount of
iron (from iron pots, etc.)
§
The excess is stored in the heart, liver,
pancreas and joints
§
○
In medieval times for people to get enough
iron it was recommended to put iron nails in
wine and the acidic components of wine
would cause some of the iron to go into the
wine
○
You can find iron in red meat and broccoli
○
Iron is best absorbed when taken with vitamin
C because it assists in the absorption from the
gastrointestinal tract
○
Iron can be added to bread as a supplement
○
Possible to get extra iron by products such as
Geritol (each mL contains 3.3mg)
○
Slow release iron in tablet form
○
-
Prophyria
An inherited condition explained by Felix
Hoppe-Seyler
○
Individuals who have this have too much
prophyrin produced and it affects the nervous
system and/or the skin
Causes reddish skin and excessive hair
§
○
-
Activity 4
During the discussion of iron, Dr. Harpp mentioned
a condition called hemochromatosis. People
suffering from this are at risk of developing iron
toxicity because very little iron is excreted from the
body. The tolerable upper intake for adults is
45mg/day. How many servings does this translate to
when we examine two foods that are considered to
be food sources of iron? Round your answer to the
nearest half or whole serving.
-
Food Source Serving
Size
Amount of Iron
per serving
Liver, Pork
(cooked)
3oz / 85g ~15 mg
Seaweed
(dried)
1 cup /
20g
~13 mg
Total number of pork liver servings needed to
reach upper intake level: 3
○
Total number of seaweed servings needed to
reach upper intake level: 3.5
○
-
Video 5
Zinc (Zn2+)
A metallic material
○
Aspergillus Niger (1869)
Zinc levels were important for the
growth of this
§
○
Total amount of zinc in the body is 0.003% of
body weight
○
About 20% of the population lacks zinc in their
diet
Concerned with mortality rates
§
○
Supresses dwarfism
○
-
Zinc and health issues
Healing
○
Smell - anosmia
○
Taste
○
Circulation (Raynaud's disease - circulation
disease)
○
-
One of the best sources of zinc is oysters (7x as
much zinc than is present in meat)
-
Nuts and meat are sources of zinc as well
7mg per 100mg of meat
○
-
Need about 10mg of zinc per day
-
Fiber and protein materials capture zinc due to the
structure that they have
-
Enzyme connection
300 known enzymes that deal with zinc
Alcohol dehydrogenase (processes
alcohol in the body)
§
RNA polymerase
§
T-RNA synthetase
§
○
Insulin requires zinc
○
-
From a hair sample it is able to calculate the amount
of zinc in the body when the hair was grown
-
Video 6
Selenium in the form of selenite
Present in onions
○
-
50mcg is approx the daily allotment for selenium
Like 1 small cubes of salt equivalent weights
○
-
Selenium functions as an antioxidant that works
with vitamin E
-
It is part of glutathione peroxidase that protects
against oxidative damage
-
Found in seaweed, sea food, brazil nuts, tuna,
substantially present in garlic and onions and
contributes to the odor that is present
-
China produces about 75% of all the garlic in the
world
About 12 million metric tons are produced
globally
○
-
Activity 5
Selenium is a trace mineral with respect to dietary
intakes. The recommended daily dosage is
approximately 55 micrograms. Brazil nuts are the #1
source of selenium with a 100 gram serving
providing 1917 micrograms. Assume 1 brazil nut
weighs approx 5 grams, how many micrograms of
selenium does it contain?
I brazil nut = 96 micrograms of selenium
○
-
What is your conclusion? Can one nut provide your
daily requirement for selenium?
Yes
○
-
Lecture 3 -Topic 2
Saturday, January 20, 2018 11:05 AM
11
CHEM 181 Full Course Notes
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