ANSC 433 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Flatulence, Arginine, Lysine
23 May 2018
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21. ANSC 433: Animal Nutrition & Metabolism 1
Feeding Poultry
Introduction to Poultry
- Include all bird species use for either meat or egg production
- Major types in North America are laying hens, broiler and turkey
- Other types include geese, duck, ostrich, pheasant, quail, etc.
Life Cycle of Chicken
- Hens lay fertile eggs if copulation
with a rooster occurs
- Eggs take 21 days to hatch
- The chick takes 18 – 20 weeks to reach maturity
- Different species of birds have different length of life cycle
Broilers
- Chicken bred and raised specifically for meat production
- Most commercial broilers reach slaughter-weight between 4 – 6 weeks
Feeding Management
- Broiler chicks are fed on a free-choice basis from hatching to 6 – 8 weeks or when
marketed
- Protein requirements vary with age, thus multiple-stage rations as usually
Employed to minimize cost and maximize production
o Starter (0 – 3 weeks)
o Grower (3 – 6 weeks)
o Finisher (6 – 8 weeks)
- Dietary protein level may consist of 2 or 3 stages
- Birds are switched to a different stage on the basis of age at 3 – 4 weeks & 5 – 6 weeks
- Table: starter (0 – 2.5 wks), growing (2.5 – 5 wks), finishing (5 – 7 wks)
o Protein % declines as broiler ages (23 to 20 to 18)
o Metabolizable energy stays constant at 3200 Kcal/kg
o Ca % decreases from 1.0 to 0.9 to 0.8
- Feed may be in the form of mash, pellets or crumbles
o Pelleted = heat applied to make pellet = destroy some nutrients
o Form has to do with energy intake, some forms are preferred than
others
o They consume more pelleted feed than crumble feed even if it was the
same type of feed
o Crumble is the same as pellets except for the size
- Feed is provided daily; manually or mechanically
o Trough feeder, tube feeder, automatic feeder
o They prefer larger particles than smaller particles (so pellet size needs to be considered)
- Market weight = 2 kg, and takes about 5 weeks
Feeding Management of Replacement Pullets
- Replacement pullets reach sexual maturity at about 20 weeks
o Starter (0 – 6 weeks)
o Grower (6 – 12 weeks)
o Developer (12 – 20 weeks)
o Goal is to manage Ca levels
- Energy levels used for starting & growing periods may range from 2,900 – 3,000 kcal/kg
- Restricted feeding in growing replacement pullets is desirable for the following reasons:
o It slows the rate of sexual maturity
o Permits the development of larger final body size
o Results in larger egg weights at an earlier time
o Increases subsequent egg production
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Include all bird species use for either meat or egg production. Major types in north america are laying hens, broiler and turkey. Other types include geese, duck, ostrich, pheasant, quail, etc. Hens lay fertile eggs if copulation with a rooster occurs. The chick takes 18 20 weeks to reach maturity. Different species of birds have different length of life cycle. Chicken bred and raised specifically for meat production. Most commercial broilers reach slaughter-weight between 4 6 weeks. Broiler chicks are fed on a free-choice basis from hatching to 6 8 weeks or when marketed. Protein requirements vary with age, thus multiple-stage rations as usually. Starter (0 3 weeks: grower (3 6 weeks) Dietary protein level may consist of 2 or 3 stages. Birds are switched to a different stage on the basis of age at 3 4 weeks & 5 6 weeks. Table: starter (0 2. 5 wks), growing (2. 5 5 wks), finishing (5 7 wks)
