ANTH 206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Proletariat, Cognitive Dissonance, Noble Savage
8 Jun 2018
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10/3/17
Parks and Peoples
• Protected Areas
o IUCN categories define PA's.
▪ Strict ature resere, ilderess area, atioal park, atioal ouet… protected
area with sustainable use
▪ Operates on global scale, defines criteria and thresholds of PA's
▪ Protected landscape= inhabited, changed, modified by human presence
▪ Protected area with sustainable use= not as modified or changed but are inhabited by
people
o Paper infrastructures
▪ Lots of guidelines, criteria within spatial boundaries. Definitions of IUCN are important
in controlling people, fostering wildlife population, etc.
▪ Conceal other dynamics. Defining protected areas on global scale cannot capture local
realities.
o Protected areas translates onto a map of what is protected and what is not. Main activities
in these areas is conservation and protection of biodiversity.
o TEK and commodification of plants/remedies show dynamics where various actors in
different countries organize and realize ambitions through agreements and contracts
▪ Global system- rules are the same all over
o West et al. present the idea of "virtualism"- rather than trying to evaluate what goes on in
the world, protected areas are the image of the world we want to produce. We don't
measure protected areas, we measure the world in protected areas
▪ PA's are our focus and attention more than anything else
▪ Spatial scale has increased greatly- recognized by IUCN covers over 14% of the planet
▪ Lots of goals to achieve 20% or more of the world.
o Wilson's Book suggests that to prevent global mass extinction (impact of human activities is
driving the extinction of species on a massive scale) must enclose 50% of the planet. Only
way to prevent this decrease in biodiversity
▪ Anthropologists answer that this makes sense for ecology, but people don't pay the
costs of enclosing land equally
▪ PA's create issues for local populations, develop faster under authoritarian regime,
places with less economic development.
• Less development= more "nature" in a Western sense
• Protecting megafauna leads to human-wildlife conflicts
• Private PA's are mostly not included in IUCN measures. IUCN first recognizes state sovereignty,
PA's need to be authorized by state usually. Large landowners are still tempted to enclose land,
have their own conservation projects. Still not considered PA's (14% is an underestimate).
o Neoliberal conservation- recent rise of protective areas stimulated by policies allowing
people to be free economic actors.
▪ Restoration of class power (after years of attempts to create a social welfare state).
More emphasis on individual freedom, private property, managerial powers and
therefore desire to protect environment (allows people to distinguish themselves)
• Those endowed with land estate are able to legitimate ownership against
poorer populations with no access to land
• Indian legislation authorized private protective areas means that people who
have been evading land reforms (ceiling on how much land you can) can now
call their property PA's, regularizes their position
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Definitions of iucn are important in controlling people, fostering wildlife population, etc: conceal other dynamics. Defining protected areas on global scale cannot capture local realities: protected areas translates onto a map of what is protected and what is not. We don"t measure protected areas, we measure the world in protected areas: pa"s are our focus and attention more than anything else. Spatial scale has increased greatly- recognized by iucn covers over 14% of the planet. Less development= more nature in a western sense: protecting megafauna leads to human-wildlife conflicts, private pa"s are mostly not included in iucn measures. Pa"s need to be authorized by state usually. Large landowners are still tempted to enclose land, have their own conservation projects. More emphasis on individual freedom, private property, managerial powers and therefore desire to protect environment (allows people to distinguish themselves: those endowed with land estate are able to legitimate ownership against poorer populations with no access to land.
