ANTH 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Beringia, Solutrean, Dennis Stanford
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture'16'–'The'Solutrean'Hypothesis'
• Pre-Clovis'Model'Variant'–'The$Solutrean$Hypothesis'
o 1st'proposed'by'Dennis$Stanford'&'Bruce$Bradley'(2000)'
o Claims:'
§ North'America'was'1st'occupied'by'Upper'Paleolithic'Europeans'
§ Migration'happened'via'North'Atlantic'~20,000'BP'
§ The'earliest'Clovis'tools'are'similar'to'the'Upper'Paleolithic'Solutrean'
culture'of'southern'France'&'Spain'(23,000'–'20,000'BP)'
ICE$BRIDGE$CBC’s:$THE$NATURE$OF$THINGS$(My$Notes)$
• 20,000'years'ago'Ice'Age'people'may'have'crossed'Atlantic'
• 2012,'off'the'East'Coast'of'Maryland,'they'found'tools'peeking'out'of'ground'(bifaces)'
o Bruce'Bradley'='stone'tool'expert'
o Tools'had'buffalo'blood'on'them'
• Accepted'theory'='Bering'land'bridge'&'lived'in'Beringia'for'thousands'of'years'
• Solutreans'='Spain'&'France'
o Tools'found'have'technical'similarities'to'the'ones'from'there.'
• Overshot$flaking'='strike'stone'to'cause'fractures'that'fan'out'from'point'of'impact'to'
create'leaf-shaped'tool'à'very'sharp'
• The'needle'with'eyes'à'use'of'fitted'clothing'indicates'better'stitching'
• They'primarily'hunted'reindeers'&'horses'
• Used'spear'throwers'that'create'larger'forces.'
• Bradley'believes'it’s'not'the'shape'of'the'tools'that’s'important,'but'the'technique'used.'
o He'says'they'couldn’t'possibly'be'unrelated.'
• Great$Auk'hunted'to'extinction'in'19th'century,'but'were'plentiful'during'Solutrean'à'
could'have'explained'movement'West'because'the'food'was'very'available.'
• Erosion'threatens'site'(coastline)'
• Travelling'only'by'foot'would’ve'been'too'dangerous'
o Worked'with'Inuits'in'Alaska'à'maybe'Solutreans'had'a'boat'
o Humans'may'have'used'boats'from'Indonesia'to'Australia'65,000'years'ago'
• Huron$Wendat$
o Legend'says'they'came'from'the'East'
o Usually'Native'remains'aren’t'used'for'testing''
o X2a'found'in'3'of'ancient'Huron'teeth'
§ Western'part'of'Europe'has'X,'X2a'is'the'descendant''
§ X'not'viewed'at'all'in'the'East'of'Asia'
§ Native'people'in'the'East'have'X2a.'
Document Summary
Lecture 16 the solutrean hypothesis: pre-clovis model variant the solutrean hypothesis, 1st proposed by dennis stanford & bruce bradley (2000, claims: North america was 1st occupied by upper paleolithic europeans. Migration happened via north atlantic ~20,000 bp. The earliest clovis tools are similar to the upper paleolithic solutrean culture of southern france & spain (23,000 20,000 bp) Western part of europe has x, x2a is the descendant. X not viewed at all in the east of asia. Native people in the east have x2a: some critics argue that the solutreans wouldn"t have good enough technology. Ice bridge cbc"s: the nature of things (problems) It"s not settled on the fact of the ice shaft covering the atlantic year round. Proponents say because we don"t find x2a ancestors in asia, it must come from w. europe: what the documentary didn"t tell you:
