BIOC 212 Lecture 21: lecture 21

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14 Apr 2018

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Fadh2) is used to maintain the electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane by the electron transport chain (metabolism 3: finally, the electrochemical gradient itself powers the production of atp through oxidative phosphorylation (metabolism 4) It is named as such because the beta carbon of the fatty acid undergoes oxidation to a carbonyl group. Beta-oxidation is primarily facilitated by the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, an enzyme complex associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Once the fatty acid is inside the mitochondrial matrix, beta-oxidation occurs by cleaving two carbons every cycle to form acetyl-coa. The process consists of 4 steps: a long-chain fatty acid is dehydrogenated to create a trans double bond between c2 and. This is catalyzed by acyl coa dehydrogenase to produce trans-delta 2-enoyl coa. This enzyme uses nad as an electron acceptor. (need stronger cofactor because you need more energy for this dehydrogenation: thiolysis occurs between c2 and c3 (alpha and beta carbons) of 3-ketoacyl coa.

Related Questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

	A.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
	B.	Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
	C.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

Question 2

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

	A.	They produce glucose
	B.	The energy is coupled to oxygen
	C.	They produce ATP

Question 3

During redox reactions

	A.	the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction
	B.	electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
	C.	protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule

Question 4

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

	A.	gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen
	B.	loss of electrons; gain of electrons
	C.	gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 5

During cellular respiration, NADH

	A.	delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.
	B.	is chemically converted into ATP
	C.	is the final electron acceptor

Question 6

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

	A.	the citric acid cycle only.
	B.	glycolysis only
	C.	the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

	A.	glycolysis
	B.	the citric acid cycle
	C.	electron transport chain

Question 8

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

	A.	production of CO2
	B.	a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
	C.	conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

Question 18

The process that forms new glucose in the liver is called ...

	A.	glycogenolysis
	B.	Krebs cycle
	C.	lipolysis
	D.	gluconeogenisis
	E.	oxidative phosphorylation

Question 57

A person exercises in their âfat burning zoneâ for 4 hours at 35% VO₂peak. The O₂ cost of exercise at that work rate is 0.5L/minute. Following exercise the subject rewards himself with an ice-cream sundae (700kcal). The following statement is true(assume 5kcal/lit of O₂):

	A.	The subject is in neutral energy balance
	B.	The subject consumed fewer calories than they expended during exercise
	C.	The subject consumed more calories than they expended during exercise
	D.	Canât say

Question 52

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is...

		aerobic glycolysis
		gluconeogenesis using lactate
		the decarboxylation of carbon compounds to produce NADH.
		the shuttling of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 51

In aerobic ATP production, the role of oxygen is to...

		to keep the electron transport chain operational
		to accept electrons from the 3rd cytochrome and thereby oxidizing it so it can accept new electrons
		act as a oxidizing agent by accepting electrons from the electron transport chain and combining with hydrogen ions (protons)
		all of the above

Question 50

Glucose is necessary for fatty acid oxidation because...

		its derivative, pyruvate, is condensated with carbonic acid to form oxaloacetate, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle
		it is needed to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA which in turn is oxidized to acetyl CoA
		glucose is decarboxylated into cytochrome oxidase which is a necessary intermediate in the citric acid cycle
		its derivative, acetyl CoA, is condensated with carbonic acid to form lactase, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

olivegoat873

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H⁺ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H⁺ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH₂

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

What is the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.

apricotgoose897

BIOC 212 Lecture 21: lecture 21

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