BIOC 212 Lecture Notes - N-Terminus, Disulfide, Secretion

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taupehare180

22 Aug 2012

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Intro to proteins what they are what they do, intro to co-chaperones (proteins responsible in folding of other proteins, how they work in folding and degradation (removal of misfolded proteins) How proteins can be chemically modified and how they can turn into amyloids. Next section, membranes, how they are formed, from lipids. Basic building blocks of cells, bodies, made from aa, made by ribosomes. Default: in the cell( means human/mammalian cells) cells are bound by membranes, have intracellular structures labelled in the diagram. Cytosol is full of organelles, intracellular proteins, macromolecules, all essential to performing processes of life. Some review: proteins are the main functional components in cells. Dna is translated to rna, rna transcribed into proteins. Genes are linear, therefore proteins are made as linear polypeptide sequences, but they must fold into 3d structures. By folding, it becomes more physically stable internally and it exposes functional surfaces it needs to interact with other molecules.

Related Questions

1 What advantages do organelles provide to eukaryotic cells? Arethey necessarily required or simply an artefact of the evolutionaryhistory of eukaryotes? Why, for example, would eukaryotic cellsrequire a membrane-bound nucleus when prokaryotes seem to replicateefficiently without one?

2. What are the 3 main intracellular transport mechanisms forproteins? How does cell topology influence the particularmechanisms needed to transport a protein among organellesintracellularly?

3. Hereâs a chicken and egg questionâ¦ how are transmembraneproteins added to membranes in newly synthesized organelles ifthere are no translocater proteins already present to directthem?

raspberrysalmon331

1- What is the role of a rER translocon?

a- Bind with a ribosome for peptide synthesis in the rER lumen.

b- Flip proteins into the cytosol.

c- Bind a signal recognition particle.

d- Proofread newly assembled proteins.

e- Terminate translation.

2- Select all of the following categories of proteins which are made (synthesized by the Rough ER).

a- Secreted Proteins (like hormones, neutotransmitters)

b- Proteins integrated into a cellâs own plasma membrane

c-Proteins integrated into a cellâs own intracellular membranes (such as the Gogli, vesicles)

d-Proteins that are dissolved in a cellâs own cytosol

tealmouse499

(a) Mitochondria (b) Endoplasmic reticulum (c) Nucleus (d) Lysosome (e) Endosome (f) Peroxisome (g) Golgi apparatus

_____ quality control of mRNA

_____ location of oxidative phosphorylation

_____ responsible for detoxifying organic molecules (liver cells)

_____ houses and protects genetic material

_____ responsible for modification and sorting of proteins and lipids

_____ location of ATP synthesis

_____ responsible for sorting endocytosed materials

_____ site of degradation and digestion

_____ responsible for oxidizing toxic molecules

_____ location of lipid synthesis

_____ location of hormone synthesis (adrenal cells)

B. Which organelle(s) from the above list communicate(s) with other organelle(s) through the use of vesicular transport? ________________

C. Which organelle(s) from the above list receive proteins made in the cytosol?___________________

D. Through which organelle(s) must proteins pass to reach the organelle(s) which do not receive proteins made exclusively in the cytosol?______________

E. Entrance into which organelle(s) requires that proteins unfold and snake through the membrane? _________________

F. How do organelles maintain their position in the cytosol? Be specific.

G. Give 2 advantages that eukaryotic cells gain by having organelles.

tealtoad562

BIOC 212 Lecture Notes - N-Terminus, Disulfide, Secretion

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