EPSC 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Basalt, Kola Superdeep Borehole, Paleoclimatology
5 Feb 2016
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Document Summary
Sound waves compress of relax with relative motion. Frequency: time interval between the passages of each wave through a fixed point. Hydrogen atoms in a star absorb certain specific wavelengths of light. We see these wavelengths as the dark lines on the spectrum. Distance of galaxies estimated from their size and brightness. Hubble constant is retreat velocity vs. distance of galaxy. We look at the light to know how far away, how big and how old things are in the universe. All matter and energy condensed into an infinitely small point that exploded 14 billion years ago. Magnetic force (holds atom together drives electricity and magnetism) Time span: 10-10 seconds: cooled down, expanding but no faster than the speed of light. Subatomic particles called quarks form (up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom: 10-5 seconds: protons and neutrons, 3 minutes: nucleosynthesis (hydrogen fuse to form helium) Hydrogen nuclei can form deuterium, helium and lithium.
