FDSC 230 Lecture Notes - Organic Reactions, Electrophile, Hydronium
8 Jan 2013
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Document Summary
Homolysis is when a bond splits, giving one e- to each atom. Heterolysis is when a bond is split and both e- go to to one atom. A carbocation (electrophile) or carboanion (nucleophile) can be created. A acid can donate a proton (br nsted lowry) or accept electron pairs (lewis) Hydronium (h3o+) is the strongest acid possible in water. A base is a substance that can accept a proton or donate electron pairs. Hydroxide (oh-) is the strongest base possible in water. The smaller the pka, the stronger the acid. The longer/weaker a bond, the stronger the acid. The higher the electronegativity, the stronger the acid. The more s" character, the stronger the acid. The stronger the acid, the weaker the conjugate base. Chemical energy is a form of potential energy stored in bonds. G = gibb"s free energy h = enthalpy t = temperature s = entropy.
