HIST 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Mexican Americans, Economic Stagnation, Appeasement
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
New Deal Scorecard
Strengthening of federal government and executive
Regulating the economy
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Social welfare of dependants
Redistribution of resources, benefits and protections to Americans
§
To Americans who were seen as dependants (married women with
children, elderly people, people with disabilities)
§
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National development and infrastructure
Bridges, railways promoted economic progress
§
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-
Many groups achieved larger political voice
Middleclass consumers
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Farm owners
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European ethnics (Italians, Russian Jews, Irish, Germans)
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Unskilled workers
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Native Americans
Treaty relations - forced to provide education
§
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-
But also increasing marginalization of some groups, patterns about who
deserved work, social benefits, protections
Mexican Americans were driven out from communities in Texas,
California and Arizona
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Teenagers who couldn't make a living were marginalized as well
○
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Trouble Abroad
Economic stagnation
Create and fuel ultranationalist movements in other parts of the world
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Ultranationalist movements
Fascist Italy, Spain
Mussolini's reputation in USA
§
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Imperial Japan
Wanted to control a sphere of influence in the pacific
§
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Nazi Germany
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-
Great Depression Isolationism
Rejection of league of nations
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Tariffs and slowed international trade
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Isolationism alongside different types and visions of internationalism
1920s arms reduction treaties
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9 power treaty (to keep China Open Door Trade Policy)
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Continued intervention and occupation in Caribbean
Occupying Haiti until 1935
§
Influencing foreign policies in order to get bankers in US a good
return investment
§
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-
Concern over Japanese empire building
Especially after second Sino-Japanese war '37
Japanese claims to regional power vs. US liberal interventionalism
through Open Door
§
US sanctions on Japan
§
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-
Shows US is not isolationist but is specifically pursuing a type of
internationalism that is economic
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Americans worried that free trade influenced Japan's actions during the 1930s
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Neutrality Movement
US "neutrality" had many different causes and manifestations
US did not want to be part of WWII
Widespread peace movement
§
Students become radicalized when looking at the wake of WWI
§
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Nye committee report (1934)
Senate Munitions Committee
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93 hearings/200 witnesses
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Merchants of death
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Examination of who made money during WWI
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-
German-American bund
Group of people who support Hitler's rise who support American
neutrality
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Large amount of Germans in the US
○
-
US neutrality acts (late 30s)
Prohibit arm sales, credit, with countries at war
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Can also be seen as a sign of activist international engagement
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Neutrality acts were compromises with people in the government that
didn't want anything to do with Europe and people who didn't want
anything to do with Germany in WWII
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-
America first committee
800,000 members
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Left and right
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Avowal/accommodation Anti-Semitism
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People who say that there is nothing in Europe that is going on to justify
America to enter the war
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-
Challenges to Peace and Neutrality
Fascism and totalitarianism in Europe
July, 1935, New York Times ran a story arguing that Nazis were "in the
midst of a violent campaign to eliminate Jews from Germany's cultural
and political life"
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Made people concerned about neutrality movement, one of these people
was Dr. Seuss
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Spanish Civil War
Abraham Lincoln Brigade
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Mobilized individual citizens
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Japanese imperial and economic plans
Alliance with Germany and Italy
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Occupations in China, Indochina
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Munich conference
Germany annexes part of Czechoslovakia (appeasement)
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Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)
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Battle of Britain
Committee to defend America by Aiding the Allies (American Next
Committee)
Call to recognize that America's security is being threatened by
events in Europe
§
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-
Saint Louis
Refugee crisis of 1930s
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Jewish people tried to flee Europe
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People came on the ship the Saint Louis but were turned away
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937 passengers seeking refuge, sails to Cuba but gets turned away, sails to the
US and gets turned away as well because they didn't want people over
immigration quotas, Canada turns this ship away as well
Have to go back to Europe, 254 of passengers die
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Steps Towards War
Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
First peacetime conscription
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Lend-Lease Act (March 1941)
Destroyers for bases
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Pearl Harbour, December 1941
Worsening US-Japanese relations in late 30s
Plus concerns about ethnic Japanese labour in Hawaii
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Japanese strike on Pearl Harbour, HI (site of 40+ years naval build up)
Destroyed much of US pacific fleet
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2200+ American deaths
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FDR "a date which will live in infamy" address
Emphasize the way in which the attack was a surprise
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Slots in with racial ideas in the US which influenced the economic and
immigration policy
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Martial law in Hawaii
Mass-arrests of ethnically Japanese community leaders in HI and CA
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War declaration
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Mobilizing a workforce
Reversal of Great Depression trends
High employment rates
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High paying jobs in industry
Industrial wages increase 70% during war
§
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Segregation by gender, race, but increasing opportunity
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High labour union participations (no-strike pledges)
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Acceleration of Great Migration Pattern
LA, Southwest
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Soldiering - acceleration and expansion of drat
10 million by the end of the war, plus over 5 million volunteers
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Reversal of Mexican and Mexican American deportations
Bracero Program (1942-54)
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Lecture 21 -Mobilizations
Friday, February 23, 2018
9:29 AM
Document Summary
Redistribution of resources, benefits and protections to americans. To americans who were seen as dependants (married women with children, elderly people, people with disabilities) But also increasing marginalization of some groups, patterns about who deserved work, social benefits, protections. Mexican americans were driven out from communities in texas, Teenagers who couldn"t make a living were marginalized as well. Create and fuel ultranationalist movements in other parts of the world. Wanted to control a sphere of influence in the pacific. Isolationism alongside different types and visions of internationalism. 9 power treaty (to keep china open door trade policy) Influencing foreign policies in order to get bankers in us a good return investment. Shows us is not isolationist but is specifically pursuing a type of internationalism that is economic. Americans worried that free trade influenced japan"s actions during the 1930s. Us neutrality had many different causes and manifestations. Us did not want to be part of wwii.
