HIST 249 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Rudolf Virchow, Anatomical Pathology, Medical Research
17 Nov 2016
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Availability of large numbers of patients in urban hospitals. Large communities of clinical scientists now seeking to advance medical knowledge. Germany (universities) invest most heavily in laboratories. Help make germany a leader in international medical research by late 19th century. Did not replace clinical medical science; but rather joins it. But by end of century become emblematic of science in medicine. Unlike hospitals where are you can observe in various ways but have very little control. Means that you can act in very precise and controlled ways: experiment. Chemical laboratory provides pharmaceutical products the physicians can use; sometimes found in nature but can be standardized: morphine (1805, quinine (1820, salicylic acid (1820s-30s, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin 1853; 1899, anaesthetics (chloroform, ether) Gradually replaces pathological anatomy as the most advanced form of medical research. Francois magendie (1783-1855): medicine is nothing but the physiology of the sick man: laboratory researcher, animal researcher, bell-magendie law.
