HIST 249 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Organ Transplantation, Anatomical Pathology, Thyroid
17 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Old surgery : separate from medicine, artisan status, guilds, apprenticeship. Domain of traditional surgery: external treatment(at the body surface, by manual means emergencies. Change of professional status of surgeons: separation from other crafts (18th century) formalized training, surgical schools, unification with medicine. Result: surgery is no longer a separate occupation, but a part of medicine. But retains specific identity-one of two constituent parts of medicine* Traditional: body a functional whole in interaction with the environment, disease: imbalance. New: body a composite of organs and tissues, disease localized structural change. Resective surgery: removes diseases, focus on structures, based on pathological anatomy. Reconstructive surgery: reconstructs structures and functions, focus on functions, based on physiology. Network of control technologies: surgical techniques (wound suture, instruments and techniques to stop bleeding etc. , anesthesia, antisepsis/asepsis. Instruments: holding,grasping, cutting, connecting, e. g. arterial forceps, controlled compression of blood vessels, holding mechanism, arterial forceps, could be multiplied, delegate work to an object.
