INDS 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Pap Test, Bethesda System, Cytopathology

• School: McGill University
• Department: Interndisciplinary Studies
• Course: INDS 211
• Professor: Helene Weibel

Document Summary

Part i: lower genital tract: cervix, most frequent site of cervical neoplasm (most prone to hpv infection); both squamous (eg. squamous cell carcinoma) and columnar (eg. adenocarcinoma) could be affected. Squamous: a) precancerous squamous lesions (sil/cin), b) invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Glandular: a) cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (ais), b) invasive adenocarcinoma: precancerous squamous lesions (sil/cin, young women, pathogenesis/etiology: hpv infection, co-factors, no clinical s/s, detected by screening pap smear. Sexhx: early age 1st intercourse; multiple partners; high risk partner; other stds. Immune status: immunosuppression: others: smoking; high parity; low ses; oral, nuclear hyperchromatia, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (hsil), more significant nuclear enlargement. Irregular nuclear membrane: nuclear clumped chromatin, pleomorphism (size and shape) Colposcopy: +bx = gold standard in developed countries to investigate cervical lesions following abnormal pap results. Examination of the vulva, vagina and visualization of the cervix. Biopsy if suspicious lesion seen: cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (ais) Incidence rates vary worldwide (early detection of precancerous.