POLI 244 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Causa International
6 Oct 2015
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Document Summary
Two-level games international negotiations and domestic policies. There two forces shaping outcomes simultaneously in international negotiations: interplay between the different states negotiating, domestic-level pressures on decision makers. But they also have an impact on each other. Leaders can use external international pressure as leverage to gain the upper hand in domestic policy debates. Reciprocal impact on each other simultaneously. International politics don"t always shape the domestic level. Domestic politics don"t always shape foreign policy decision-making. Rather: there is an interplay between both levels that produces an outcome that neither level could have produced alone. The head of state and advisors rarely agree (not counting the opposition nor the parliament) If you bring in the legislative branch or the opposition, this becomes even more true. States are not unitary actors: state is a composite with different opinions, desires, convictions it is therefore, more of a they. This is true for democracies and non-democracies.
