POLI 244 Lecture 35: Two Level Games Lecture Notes
12 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Two-level games (putnam) there are two forces shaping outcomes simultaneously in international negotiations: interplay between the different states negotiating. Understanding two-level causality international politics don"t always shape the domestic level domestic politics don"t always shape foreign policy decision-making. Rather: there is an interplay between both levels that produces an outcome that neither level could have produced alone: leader needs to be able t balance that all at once. Is it the state, it or the state, they? a they, people: contending forces at the domestic level, it is a composite of individuals that do not all have the same opinion. The head of state and advisors rarely all agree. If you bring in the legislative branch or the opposition, this becomes even more true. This is true for democracies and non-democracies. Defection (reneging) (pulling out of the agreement: withdrawal. Voluntary defection: a leader reneges on purpose during a negotiation: do not like the terms no deal.
