POLI 244 Lecture 10: TWO LEVEL GAMES
19 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
There are two forces shaping outcomes simultaneously in international negotiations: 1) interplay between the different states negotiating, 2) domestic-level pressures on decision makers. But they also have an impact on each other reciprocal impacts. Leaders can use external international pressure to gain the upper hand in domestic policy debates: leaders can tell domestic level constituents that they will not reach an agreement urge flexibility. International politics don"t always shape the domestic level. Domestic politics don"t always shape foreign policy decision-making. Rather: there is an interplay between both levels that produces an outcome that neither level could have produced alone. Is it state, it or the state, they state is a they. The head of state and advisors rarely all agree. If you bring in the legislative branch or true opposition, this becomes even more true. This is true for democracies and non-democracies: for example: ndp and liberal party want conservatives to mess up.
