POLI 340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Oka Crisis, Quebec Agreement, Distinct Society
Quebec&doesn't&recognize&Metis&people
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Layers&of&colonialism&in&Quebec
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Some&background:&written&b/c&of&Scottish&referendum,&b/c&usually&when&there's&a&
discussion&of&Quebec's&separation,&there's&never&an&inclusion&of&the&Indigenous&
side&–could&also&be&said&for&Newfoundland,&Alberta,&Northern&Ontario&–no&discussion&
on&Indigenous&side
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Relating&Quebec's&situation&to&that&of&Scots&and&Catalonia&–Chantelle&Hebert&–
disagree&with&this&view,&b/c&Scots&and&Catalonians&are&actually&from&that&area,&
whereas&Indigenous&peoples&are¬&acknowledged&even&though&they&are&actually&
from&that&area
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Quebec&Solidaire&was&going&to&put&in&something&about&Indigenous&sovereignty&–but&
what&does&that&actually&mean?
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Nuances&of&what&a&state&and&a&nation&means;&arguments&for&distinct&society&clause
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Talk&of&oppression&by&the&British&to&the&French;&and&silencing&of&Indigenous&topics
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Up&until&1969,&Indigenous&peoples&did¬&have&the&right&to&Quebec&citizenship
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1969:&White&Paper&–attempt&to&assimilate&Indigenous&peoples&into&Canadian&
structure
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A&lot&of&this&comes&with&the&growing&request&to&be&able&to&be&recognized/pushing&back&
on&the&structure&that&controlled&them
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After&the&vote,&inclusion&of&Indigenous&people&as&being&Quebecois&without&consulting&
Indigenous&groups&–Huron&might&be&fine&with&that,&Mohawk¬&so&much
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James&Bay&and&Northern&Quebec&Agreement&–started&to&show&issues&with&territorial&
claims;&petition&from&Cree&and&Inuit;&tripartheid&agreement;&communities&can&benefit&
What&would&this&mean&if&Quebec&separated?
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If&Quebec&separated,&some&nations&would&separate&from&Quebec
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You&see&this&come&out&in&the&'90s&again&–by&'95,&two&failed&constitutional&discussions,&
Oka&crisis,&very&angry&province&and&very&angry&Indigenous&groups&(not&just&in&Quebec)
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Oka&reveals&heavy÷&that&exists&between&the&two&different&sides&–how&to&live&on&
contested&territory?
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During&2nd&referendum,&Mohawk&didn't&really&get&involved.&Innu,&Inuit,&Algonquin,&
Cree&went&about&this&differently.&Huge&percentages&came&out&in&high&numbers&and&
voted&heavily&against&separation
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If&Quebec&wants&to&go&down&the&road&of&forming&its&own&state,&they&need&to&figure&out&
a&decolonized&way&to&do&that&–there's&11&other&nations&that&they're&on&top&of,&and&
they&need&to&be&included&in&the&discussions&and&considered&equal,&to&create& a&
federation&in&the&Quebec&province;&otherwise&you&are¬&a&decolonized&state
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You&see&this&come&out&in&the&chart&of&values;&you&can&have&what&makes&you&distinct&
but&you&can't&control&territory&that&is&inherently¬&yours
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Still&done&very&much&in&Western&structure•
Not&a&lot&of&stuff&about&Indigenous&participation&in&provincial&parties•
Voter&behavior&–not&voting&in&high&numbers&in&provincial&elections&•
Only&way&to&truly&be&a&decolonized&state&is&if&Quebec&makes&sure&to&remember&the&
place&of&Indigenous&people&within&that,&and&that&they&may¬&agree&with&Quebec
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9.2:%Quebec
Friday,&March&16,&2018
4:08&PM
Document Summary
Nuances of what a state and a nation means; arguments for distinct society clause. Talk of oppression by the british to the french; and silencing of indigenous topics. Up until 1969, indigenous peoples did not have the right to quebec citizenship. 1969: white paper attempt to assimilate indigenous peoples into canadian structure. A lot of this comes with the growing request to be able to be recognized/pushing back on the structure that controlled them. After the vote, inclusion of indigenous people as being quebecois without consulting. Indigenous groups huron might be fine with that, mohawk not so much. James bay and northern quebec agreement started to show issues with territorial claims; petition from cree and inuit; tripartheid agreement; communities can benefit. If quebec separated, some nations would separate from quebec. You see this come out in the "90s again by "95, two failed constitutional discussions, Oka crisis, very angry province and very angry indigenous groups (not just in quebec)