PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 55: Cognitive Revolution, Group Dynamics, Abraham Maslow
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Freud+ pioneered+ the+ clinical+ case+ study+ approach+ and+ developed+ psychoanalysis+ that+ attempts+ to+bring+the+contents+of+the+unconscious+into+the+conscious+awareness+so+that+conflicts+can+be+ revealed+ and+ dealt+ with. + he+ analysed+ the+ content+ of+ dreams+ and+ used+ free+ association,+ a+ technique+in+which+patients+would+simply+talk+about+what+they+wanted+for+the+times+that+they+ wanted,+believing+that+patients+would+reveal+the+unconscious+conflicts+causing+them+problems. + The+problems+with+his+method+are+that+they+are+extremely+difficult+to+analyse+using+the+scientific+ method. + freud"s+ theories+ are+ no+ longer+ accepted,+ but+ the+ idea+ that+ mental+ processes+ occur+ below+the+level+of+consciousness+is+widely+accepted. + Skinner+ denied+ mental+ states"+ existence,+ writing+ in+ his+ provocative+ book+ beyond% freedom% and% Dignity+ (1971)+ that+ concepts+ referring+ to+ mental+ processes+ were+ of+ no+ scientific+ value+ in+ explaining+ behaviour. + he+ wanted+ to+ understand+ how+ repeated+ behaviour+ were+ shaped+ or+ influenced+by+the+events+or+consequences+that+fallowed+them+ Behaviorism+ was+ popular+ well+ through+ the+ 1960"s. + although+ some+ of+ their+ theories+ help+ the+ understanding+ of+ the+ mind,+ brain+ and+ behaviour,+ evidence+ shows+ that+ thought+ processes+ influence+outcomes. + Human"s+ perceptions+ can+ influence+ behaviour+ and+ that+ learning+ was+ not+ as+ simple+ as+ the+ behaviourists+believed. ++ Miller+ (1975)+ launched+ the+ cognitive+ revolution. + neisser+ (1967)+ integrated+ a+ wide+ range+ of+ cognitive+ phenomena+ in+ his+ classis+ book+ cognitive+ psychology,+ which+ named+ and+ defined+ the+ field. +cognitive+psychology+is+the+study+of+how+people+think,+learn+and+remember. +research+has+ shown+that+the+way+people+think+about+things+influence+their+behaviour. ++