PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 53: Phonics, Phonetics

• School: McGill University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYC 100
• Professor: Daniel Levitin

Document Summary

Phonics+method:+teaches+an+association+between+letters+and+their+phonemes. +children+learn+to+ spell+ out+ words+ by+ how+ they+ sound. + popular+ for+ over+ 200+ years. + they+ learn+ to+ make+ the+ appropriate+sounds+for+the+letters+of+the+english+alphabet. +they+learn+a+small+number+of+simple+ words+ that+ teach+ the+ sounds+ in+ english. + general+ rules+ are+ learnt+ 1st+ and+ exceptions+ latter. + it+ emphasizes+mapping+between+letters+and+their+sounds++ It+ was+ found+ that+ a+ phonetics+ instruction+ is+ largely+ superior+ that+ wholeglanguage+ approach+ in+ creating+ proficient+ readers. + this+ result+ applies+ mainly+ to+ children+ who+ are+ at+ risk+ of+ becoming+ poor+readers. ++ Animal+communication:+teaching+language+to+chimpanzees+requires+the+use+of+sign+language+to+ see+ if+ they+ understand+ words+ or+ concepts+ such+ as+ causations,+ which+ they+ can,+ but+ it+ doesn"t+ mean+that+they+have+innate+language+abilities. ++ Petitto+tried+to+teach+asl+to+nim+chimpsky,+which+failed+to+master+key+components+of+language+ syntax. + he+ could+ communicate+ with+ a+ small+ set+ of+ basic+ signs,+ but+ was+ never+ able+ to+ create+ creative+rule+governed+sentences. +used+language+to+make+requests. ++ As+children+learn+about+the+world,+they+develop+a+sense+of+identity,+which+is+important+for+social+ development:+ the+ maturation+ of+ skills+ or+ abilities+ that+ enables+ people+ to+ live+ in+ a+ world+ with+ other+people,+and+enables+to+interact+with+others. ++ Bronfenbrenner:+ biocultural+ system+ theory:+ emphasizes+ the+ way+ biology+ and+ cultural+ systems+ interact+to+affect+development. +we+can+understand+development+by+considering+the+context+in+ which+it+occurs. +4+levels+of+systems+affect+the+developing+person. ++ He+cofounded+head+start+(a+massive+federal+program+in+the+us+designed+to+help+children+in+lowg income+ families+ develop+ skills+ and+ abilities). + his+ emphasis+ on+ larger+ social+ systems+ translated+ psychological+research+into+public+policy+and+created+a+role+for+government+in+fostering+positive+ development. +his+theory+emphasises+cultural+effects+on+the+way+people+develop+their+senses+of+ identity. ++