PSYC 333 Lecture 6: Lecture 22 PSYC 333
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture'22:'Attachment'and'the'relational'self'
(March'29)'
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Introduction':'
The'issue'of'measurement'of'attachment'behaviour''
It'focused'of' categorizing' people' (depression,' neurotic)' before,' but' we' have' moved' to'
the'fact'that'there'are'various'degrees'of'attachment'style'(it'is'not'yes/no'but'at'which'
point).''
We'categorize'kids'as'secure,'anxious/ambivalent'or'avoidant.''
There'are'two'dimensions'of'attachment:''
-anxiety'
-avoidance'
Continuous'approach'help'to'better'understand'people.''
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Attachment'
We'talked'about'the'desire'of'proximity,'the'secure'base'and'the'safe'heaven'as'the' 3'
components'of'attachment.''
The' key' component' of' attachment' is' the' cognitive' part:' models' of' close' relationships'
guide'our'behaviours'and'expectations'about:'
-I'am'self'worthy'of'love'and'affection?'
-Are'others'trustworthy'and'reliable?''
There'are'individual'differences'in'attachment.'
They' work' like' schemas,' “interpretative' filters”' through' which' new' relationships' are'
meaningfully'understood'and'construed.'
It'is'based'on'early'experiences'with'caregivers,'but'it'also'incorporate'new'relationship'
experiences.''
The' 2' important' notions' are' 1.' stability'and' change'and' 2.' general' and' relationship-
specific'model'
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Plan:'
I.#Stability#and#change#
A.'Study'1'
B.'Relationship'events'and'attachment'model'
C.'Prototype'perspective'(Fraley,'2002)'
D.'vs.'Revisionist'perspective'(Fraley,'2002)'
E.'What'factors'should'increase'stability?'
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II.#General#and#relationship#specific#attachment#
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III.#Social#cognitive#conceptualization#of#attachment##
A.'Study:'Contextual'activation'of'attachment'
B.'Contextual'activation'2.0''
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IV.#The#relational#self##
A.'The'relational'self''(Andersen'and'Chen,'2002)'
B.'Transference'(e.g.,'Andersen'et'al'1996,'Andersen'and'Glassman,'1996)'
C.'Facial'feature'resemblance'elicits'transference'effect'(Kraus'and'Chen,'2010)'
D.'“My'advisor'and'the'pope'are'watching'me'from'the'back'of'my'mind”'(Baldwin'et'al,'
1990)'
I.'Stability'and'change'
A.'Study'1'
Winnipeg'researchers'found'out'that'people'can'move'from'one'model'of'attachment'to'
another'at'2'different'time'points.''
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Method:'
Assess'people'at'2'time'points'(T1,'T2)'
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Results:'
At'time'2,'70%'were'classified'with'the'same'attachment'model'but'30%'was'different''
He'looked'at'the'reliability'with'the'Stability'Kappa'='.51'here'(fair'but'not'good)'
Based'on'T1'continuous'attachment,'you'can'correctly'classify'63%'of'the'people'at'T2.'
=>'So'what'is'going'on,'why'are'people'attachment'model’s'changing'like'this?''
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Everybody'was'changing'but'especially'people'with'insecure'attachment'style.'
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B.'Relationship'events'and'attachment'model'
Method:'
He' assessed' people' applying' for' marriage' license' :' 80%' report' a' secure' attachment'
model'
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Results:'
-Secures'who'remain'in'dating'relationship:'80%'remain'securely'attached.'
-Secures'who'break'up:'Only'50%'reported'secure'attachment'model'post'breakup.''
=>' Situation' can' alter' people' attachment' style.' Attachment# models# are# sensitive# to#
life#events.##
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C.'Prototype'perspective'(Fraley,'2002)'
Individual'differences'in'attachment'is'driven'by'a'stable,'latent'factor'which'will'consist'
of' representations' of' the' self' and' other,' procedural' rules,' behaviour' strategies'
constructed'in'early'childhood'as'an'adaptation'to'environment.'
This'prototype'influences'interpersonal'dynamics'throughout'the'life'course.'
Models'can'change,'but'stable'factor'underlying'variance'(change,'stress).''
Support'for'this'prototype'perspective?'We'can'see'long'term'stability'overtime.''
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D.'vs.'Revisionist'perspective'(Fraley,'2002)'
The'working'models'are'fluid'and'(should'be)'sensitive'to'change'in'environment.''
They'may'be'resistant'to'change,'but'the'changes'that'build'up'should'make'it'difficult'to'
detect'original'patterns.'
There'is'no'long-term'stability,'just'nothing'inherently'stable.''
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------------'='prototype'perspective'
___________'='revisionist'perspective'
''
Early'on'it'look'similar,'but'as'time'goes'on'there'is'a'correlation'between'childhood'and'
adulthood'or'not.''
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Revisionist' perspective:' as' interval' increases' test-retest' correlations' get' smaller;' mod.'
Stability'over'short'period,'but'stability'ephemeral'(no'latent'source'of'incluence)'
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Prototype'perspective:' no' effect'of' time' on'test-retest' correlations'='absolute'stability'
modest,'but'stability'coefficient'highly'stable,'enduring'factor'stabilizes'variance.'
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Some'data'support'more'the'prototype'perspective.''
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E.'What'factors'should'increase'stability?'
-biased'perception:'ex':'anxious,'our'partner'does'not'call'us,'more'anxious'
-habitual'reactions,'emotion'regulation'style'
-we'select'ourselves'into'situations'consistent'with'our'expectancies'
-people'create'situations'–'self-fulfilling'prophecies''
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Document Summary
Lecture 22: attachment and the relational self (march 29) It focused of categorizing people (depression, neurotic) before, but we have moved to the fact that there are various degrees of attachment style (it is not yes/no but at which point). We categorize kids as secure, anxious/ambivalent or avoidant. We talked about the desire of proximity, the secure base and the safe heaven as the 3 components of attachment. The key component of attachment is the cognitive part: models of close relationships guide our behaviours and expectations about: They work like schemas, interpretative filters through which new relationships are meaningfully understood and construed. It is based on early experiences with caregivers, but it also incorporate new relationship experiences. The 2 important notions are 1. stability and change and 2. general and relationship- specific model. Social cognitive conceptualization of attachment: study: contextual activation of attachment, contextual activation 2. 0.
