ANTHROP 2U03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Measles, Syphilis, Epidemiological Transition
25 Oct 2017
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Epidemiology - what is upon us (the people) Chronic/degenerative disease: due to aging, lifestyle ((diabetes, heart disease), environmental toxins etc (cancer). * worldwide skeletal, dental, archaeological and documentary data (4 million years in scope). * age of pestilence and famine (until 1875) In 1900"s - tuberculosis, pneumonia, in uenza and diarrhea were major health concerns. 1970"s - cancer, heart disease, circulatory disorders, pneumonia, in uenza, childhood. Relatively short time scale, in terms of humankind existence. * first epidemiological transition: food production and urbanization (-10,000 - 100 years ago) * third epidemiological transition: post-industrial world (present day) Classic human epidemiological shifts: common ancestors with chimps > co-divergent of hosts and pathogens, origin of agriculture (10,000 years ago) Increased population and sedentary behaviours (able to provide food: urbanization: (500 years ago) - ex measles. Increased population density: colonization (last 500 years) - ex. Increased likelihood of m=human mediated dispersal of pathogens: hyper-connected global populations (today)
